{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:53:54Z","timestamp":1777532034333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Testicular macrophages (TMf) participate together with Sertoli cells in formation of blood\u2013testis barrier. The present experiments were aimed to test their immunoregulatory functions <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> TMf were purified by glass adherence, rosetting with opsonized erythrocytes and fractionation on discontinuous Percoll gradient (over 95% purity). Their antigen\u2010presenting capacity in humoral and cell\u2010mediated responses was tested <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> (Mishell\u2013Dutton cultures, proliferation assay) and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> (induction of contact sensitivity reaction).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> TMf represent a heterogeneous cell population. Heavier Percoll fractions produce little transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and are efficient antigen\u2010presenting cells in humoral and cell\u2010mediated immune responses. Lighter fractions produce high amounts of TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and are rather tolerogenic than immunogenic. Their immunosuppressive activity can be prevented by treatment of TMf donors with cyclophosphamide or <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by anti\u2010TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> monoclonal antibody. In non\u2010separated TMf population the immunosuppressive activity prevails.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Subpopulation of TMf able to trigger specific immune responses is present in the testis but remains under control of other TMf subpopulation which minimizes the risk of development of autoimmune reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00178.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]],"date-time":"2004-06-24T09:16:20Z","timestamp":1088068580000},"page":"27-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Subpopulations of Mouse Testicular Macrophages and their Immunoregulatory Function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bryniarski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Szczepanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Maresz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"Ptak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_23_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(92)90119-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.13.4174"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(95)00923-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62087-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.6.1407"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.5.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_9_2","first-page":"569","article-title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor in the male gonad","volume":"25","author":"Benahmed M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contracept Fertil Sex"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_10_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Changed distribution of testicular macrophages in different strains of mice knockout hormone receptors","volume":"27","author":"Bryniarski K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Centr Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.53.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-003-0698-0","article-title":"Hepatic clearance of Sonazoid perfluorobutane microbubbles by Kupffer cells does not reduce the ability of liver to phagocytose or degrade albumin microspheres","volume":"312","author":"Klindberg GM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/368168"},{"key":"e_1_2_23_14_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Macrophages in mouse placenta. 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