{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:17:57Z","timestamp":1758122277141},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,26]],"date-time":"2004-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1090800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Enhanced secretion of type\u20102 T\u2010helper (Th2) cytokine is a characteristic feature in normal physiological pregnancy. A study has demonstrated defective production of interleukine\u20104 (IL\u20104) and other Th2 cytokine in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Several studies have suggested that IL\u20104 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) gene polymorphism is probably associated with different IL\u20104 production.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods of study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The IL\u20104 VNTR genotypes were assessed in 109 Japanese women with RPL and 210 ethnically matched women experiencing at least one live birth and no spontaneous abortion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> No significant differences in IL\u20104 VNTR genotype frequencies were found between the RPL and the control [B1B1 genotype (reference); B1\/B2 and B2\/B2 genotypes, odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.58\u20131.45].<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The present study suggests that the IL\u20104 VNTR allele is not a major genetic regulator in 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