{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T16:25:40Z","timestamp":1778430340601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The study was conducted to investigate the presence and the possible role of anti\u2010granulosa luteinized cells (GLCs) antibodies in infertile patients, attending <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) cycles, as well as to attempt the identification of putative target antigens.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 101 sera from infertile women (patient group) and 33 sera from fertile women (control group) were investigated. The patients were divided in subgroups according to:<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COHS) \u2013 poor responders and good responders;<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2002fertilization rate \u2013 low fertilization rate and high fertilization rate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The relation between embryo transfer (ET) outcome and prevalence of anti\u2010GLC antibodies was investigated too. NONIDET P\u201040 (NP\u201040) and whole\u2010GLC lysates, as antigenic materials, were used in enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Based on the cut\u2010off value of 2\u2003S.D. above the control mean value, the prevalence of patients positive for anti\u2010GLC antibodies was found to be 28.7% (29\/101) compared with 9.1% (3\/33) in control fertile women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Anti\u2010GLC antibodies were detected in 54.8% (17\/31) of women with low fertilization rate compared with 15.7% (11\/70) of women with high fertilization rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.003) and it was established that women positive for anti\u2010GLC antibodies had lower fertilization rate, than those negative for anti\u2010GLC antibodies. Immunoblotting has demonstrated a number of GLC proteins with molecular masses (MM) of 110, 70\u201380, 47 and 37\u2003kDa, frequently reacting with anti\u2010GLC antibodies in patient's sera, as possible targets.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The presented results on the prevalence and role of anti\u2010GLC antibodies, as well as the data on the target antigens confirmed our hypothesis about the potential involvement of GLC antigens in some cases of immunological infertility in IVF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00249.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1107859341000},"page":"106-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antibodies against Granulosa Luteinized Cells and their Targets in Women Attending IVF Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Vangelov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dineva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Nikolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45687-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114372"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-1-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.12.2623"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.18.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90836-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0960213"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54667-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Zona Pellucida autoantibodies in women undergoing ART","volume":"45","author":"Ivanova M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Folia Biologica (Praha)"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.5.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2641"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Immunology of Human Reproduction","author":"Dunbar BS","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1998.4661"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.12.2617"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00266-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.4.1620"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8676"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1317"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1624"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Studies on the clinical significance of ZP antibodies in women undergoing assisted reproduction","volume":"6","author":"Ivanova M","year":"1994","journal-title":"ART Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","first-page":"156","article-title":"Anti\u2010 granulosa luteinized cell antibodies in women attending an IVF programme. 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