{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:57:35Z","timestamp":1767988655470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,5]],"date-time":"2005-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Decidual natural killer (NK) cells express inhibitory receptors (killer immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors, KIRs), which bind to ligands on trophoblast cells (human leucocyte antigen, HLA\u2010C). This interaction appears to block NK cytotoxicity against trophoblast cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of inhibitory and activating receptors in peripheral blood NK cells of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or implantation failures.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study:\u2002<\/jats:bold> CD56<jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup>\/CD16<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\/CD16<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> NK cells and CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NKT cells of women with RSA or <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) failures and normal controls were analyzed for the expression of CD158a, CD158b inhibitory KIRs or CD161\u2010activating receptors, by flow cytometric analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> CD158a and CD158b inhibitory receptor expression by CD56<jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup>\/CD16<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup>\/CD16<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> NK cells were significantly decreased, and CD161\u2010activating receptor expression by CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> NKT cells was significantly increased in women with implantation failures when compared with normal controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> An imbalance between inhibitory and activating receptor expression was found in NK cells of women with implantation failures. This imbalance may explain the adverse reproductive outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00268.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,5]],"date-time":"2005-04-05T10:35:46Z","timestamp":1112697346000},"page":"215-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Expression of Killer Immunoglobulin\u2010like Receptors on Peripheral Blood NK Cell Subsets of Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions or Implantation Failures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Evangelos I.","family":"Ntrivalas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad R.","family":"Bowser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Kwak\u2010Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Beaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Gilman\u2010Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90014-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2004.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.10.3146"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200006)43:6<1204::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(01)00067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2003.00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.855"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(03)00170-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041783"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2003.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(99)00049-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1911"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2002.01105.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2005.00268.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2005.00268.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00268.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T01:19:53Z","timestamp":1696987193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00268.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00268.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00268.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,5]]}}}