{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:02:14Z","timestamp":1778126534343,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]],"date-time":"2006-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the site\u2010specific immunoregulatory mechanisms against bacterial infection in the human fallopian tubes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the production of CXC chemokines by cultured oviductal epithelial cells (OEC) and oviductal stromal fibroblasts (OSF). The expression of Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) 4 and CD14 protein in OEC and OSF were evaluated. The phosphorylation of the inhibitor <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) protein after LPS stimulation was also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide stimulated the secretion of granulocyte chemotactic protein\u20102, growth\u2010regulated oncogene\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide\u201078 by OSF, but not by OEC. The phosphorylation of the I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> protein was not detected in OEC after stimulation by LPS, whereas I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> phosphorylation was observed in OSF after stimulation by LPS. The expression of the TLR4 protein and mRNA was detected only in OSF but not in OEC. The expression of CD14 was not detected in either OEC or OSF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that epithelial cells and fibroblasts in the human fallopian tube have evolved a unique, site\u2010specific mechanism for recognizing Gram\u2010negative pathogens. The lack of TLR4 in OEC may be important for avoiding a state of unnecessary inflammation that could disrupt the epithelial barrier and cause irreversible tubal scarring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00389.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]],"date-time":"2006-05-17T16:18:35Z","timestamp":1147882715000},"page":"91-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Human Oviductal Stromal Fibroblasts, But Not Oviductal Epithelial Cells, Express Toll\u2010Like Receptor 4: The Site\u2010Specific Mucosal Immunity of the Human Fallopian Tube against Bacterial 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