{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T01:34:25Z","timestamp":1722303265871},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,11]],"date-time":"2007-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1176249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (M\u2010CSF) promotes placental growth and maintenance. We evaluated whether amniotic fluid M\u2010CSF levels were altered in normotensive pregnancies that produced small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (SGA) infants arising from unknown factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study enrolled 68 Japanese women experiencing normotensive pregnancies with single fetuses. Of these pregnancies, 22 delivered SGA infants arising from unknown factors (SGA group); one delivered an SGA infant with intestinal obstruction. The other 45 were women who delivered appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (AGA) infants (AGA group). They were selected as controls. Amniotic fluid was collected and the M\u2010CSF levels were compared between the two groups. The M\u2010CSF level was determined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amniotic fluid M\u2010CSF concentrations were 6525\u2003pg\/mL (median) in the SGA group and 4790\u2003pg\/mL in the AGA group; the concentrations were significantly higher in the SGA group than in the AGA group. The M\u2010CSF concentrations in the woman who delivered an SGA infant with intestinal obstruction showed very high values (24290\u2003pg\/mL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated a significant increase in amniotic fluid M\u2010CSF levels in the SGA group. Excessive concentrations of M\u2010CSF in amniotic fluid via amniotic membranes may be highly related to immunological abnormalities contributing to low birth weight of neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00480.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,26]],"date-time":"2007-04-26T06:06:04Z","timestamp":1177567564000},"page":"488-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Elevation of Amniotic Fluid Macrophage Colony\u2010Stimulating Factor in Normotensive Pregnancies That Delivered Small\u2010For\u2010Gestational\u2010Age 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