{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:42:16Z","timestamp":1792500136691,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]],"date-time":"2007-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold> The resistance and\/or susceptibility to infections can be influenced by patterns of immunomodulators. Based on this and the high rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents, we examined the longitudinal relationship between sexual behaviors, hormonal contraceptive use, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with vaginal\u2010associated immunomodulators in adolescent females.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold> Over 27\u2003months, subjects completed detailed questionnaires, and consented to vaginal swabs for STI testing, and vaginal lavages for identification of immunomodulators including T\u2010helper, proinflammatory, and chemokines. Concentrations of immunomodulators were correlated with each parameter together with prevalence of STIs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Each parameter had a limited influence on vaginal immunomodulators with no evidence of any pattern(s) associated with infection. Conversely, the local presence of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophils in those with an STI indicated some immune responsiveness.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Sexual behaviors, contraceptive usage, and BV do not appear as factors in susceptibility of adolescents to STIs through the influence of local immunomodulators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00504.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]],"date-time":"2007-07-11T22:26:45Z","timestamp":1184192805000},"page":"159-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Susceptibility of Middle Adolescent Females to Sexually Transmitted infections: Impact of Hormone Contraception and Sexual Behaviors on Vaginal Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Barousse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Theall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Van Der Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Dennis","family":"Fortenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases","author":"Eng T","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199902250-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1995.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5840-5848.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.5132-5139.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Mucosal immunity in the female genital\u2010tract \u2013 relevance to vaccination efforts against the human\u2010immunodeficiency\u2010virus","volume":"10","author":"Mestecky J","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: correlation of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and reproductive hormones in human cervical mucus around the time of ovulation","volume":"14","author":"Kutteh WH","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.41.2.97.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.003855"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000130454.83883.E9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.10.3544-3549.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1105-1112.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by standardized method of Gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent RP","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.43.2.715-721.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(77)90166-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641216x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(98)00086-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.011676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200105000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170400029006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"952","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections \u2014 United States","volume":"277","author":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203321264881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1326-1332.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315311"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2007.00504.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00504.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T11:59:27Z","timestamp":1697025567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00504.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00504.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00504.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]]}}}