{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T20:05:13Z","timestamp":1794254713772,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,7]],"date-time":"2007-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1189123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether natural killer (NK) cells cytotoxicity in peripheral blood is altered in patients with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); also, if there is any correlation between cytokine production and NK cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case\u2013control study, 21 patients with RSA within 24\u2003hr of the last abortion (group I), and 32 pregnants with no history of abortion (group II) were surveyed. NK cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by flow cytometry, and IL\u20102, IL\u201010, transforming growth factor \u03b21 were measured in cell culture supernatant by ELISA method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group I showed higher NK cytotoxicity than group II at all of effector to target (E:T) ratios (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003\u2264\u20030.045).The correlation between production of IL\u20102 and NK cytotoxicity was positively significant (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.350, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.001). Group I had significantly higher levels of IL\u20102 than group II (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.001). In group II, the production of IL\u201010 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher than group I (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased NK cell cytotoxicity and high level of IL\u20102 may be considered as a risk factor for RSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00524.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,9]],"date-time":"2007-09-09T22:38:44Z","timestamp":1189377524000},"page":"409-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Increased Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and IL\u20102 Production in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Hadinedoushan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahroo","family":"Mirahmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Aflatounian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Overview of recurrent miscarriage","volume":"3","author":"Regan L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gynaecol Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00397-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1617fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1990.tb00675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000049413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1066","article-title":"Regulation of NK cell functions by TGF\u2010beta1","volume":"155","author":"Bellone G","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"The IL\u20102 receptor beta subunit is absolutely required for mediating the IL\u20102\u2010induced activation of NK activity and proliferative activity of human large granular lymphocytes","volume":"70","author":"Umehara H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7863341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.5.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Studies of natural killer cells in pregnancy. 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