{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:40:12Z","timestamp":1783489212863,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,13]],"date-time":"2008-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activation of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2 in seminal plasma has been suggested by Robertson et\u00a0al. to promote maternal tolerance to paternal antigens. A possible consequence reported by Tremellen et\u00a0al. is increased pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF. A decreased spontaneous abortion rate has also been postulated. Seminal plasma contains many factors besides TGF\u2010\u03b2, and a critical test of the hypothesis was required. The purpose of the present study was to directly test the effect of pure TGF\u2010\u03b2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pharmaceutical grade bioactive TGF\u2010\u03b23 with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) carrier 0.1\u20131% in phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS) was given into the vaginal tract of CBA\/J female mice at the time of mating with DBA\/2 males. One microgram Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide was given intraperitoneally to augment occult losses and spontaneous resorptions assessed on day 13.5 of pregnancy. The effect of TGF\u2010\u03b23 on recruitment of lymphomyeloid cells to the vaginal wall and vaginal lumen of unmated mice in estrus was assessed using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two nanogram of intravaginal TGF\u2010\u03b23 in 0.1% BSA\u2013PBS or 20\u2003ng in 1% BSA\u2013PBS reduced abortion rates. Protection was comparable to that achieved by immunization with BALB\/c spleen cells. Fraction V BSA, a binder of TGF\u2010\u03b2s, had some activity, and could reduce availability of added TGF\u2010\u03b23. CD11c dendritic cells, CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, and CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were recruited to the vaginal wall by 48\u2003hr after TGF\u2010\u03b23 treatment, and cellularity of vaginal exudates increased. Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were present in increased numbers, and appeared to be CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+\u2003<\/jats:sup>8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. Semen, but not TGF\u2010\u03b23, stimulated a physiological polymorphonuclear leukocyte exudate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravaginal bioactive TGF\u2010\u03b23 can enhance success of pregnancy <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in an established model of abortion. The result could be explained by the independent ability of TGF\u2010\u03b2 to promote a regulatory T\u2010cell response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00582.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,14]],"date-time":"2008-04-14T02:51:43Z","timestamp":1208141503000},"page":"525-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Prevention of Spontaneous Abortion in the CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003DBA\/2 Mouse Model by Intravaginal TGF\u2010\u03b2 and Local Recruitment of CD4<sup>+\u2003<\/sup>8<sup>+<\/sup> FOXP3<sup>+<\/sup> Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daljeet","family":"Banwatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0320"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1658-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6526"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of dendritic cells and T regulatory cells throughout the estrus cycle in mice","volume":"56","author":"Blois SM","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.1659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62302-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v19.i5-6.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod52.6.1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.12.2653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effect of seminal plasma on implantation rates","volume":"1","author":"Coulam CB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Early Pregnancy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2006.08.026"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2008.00582.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00582.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T11:35:50Z","timestamp":1697024150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00582.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00582.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00582.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,13]]}}}