{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:46:16Z","timestamp":1791103576415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]],"date-time":"2008-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold> Spontaneous abortions in the CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003DBA\/2 model are normally reported as number of resorptions\/total number of implantations (R\/T), pooling data from individual mice. The significance of differences between groups has been determined using non\u2010parametric statistics (e.g. chi\u2010square or Fisher\u2019s Exact test) based on <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> predictions. Recently, it has been argued that medians with box plots should replace the accepted standard, but this deprives readers of data needed to verify <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values, and leads to inferences incompatible with biological and statistical reality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold> Raw data on 173 individual CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003DBA\/2 matings were analyzed by median and mean, along with R\/T data from 18 independent experiments containing 5\u201310 mice per group. Raw data from 19 CBA\u2003\u00d7 BALB\/c matings were similarly analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Individual CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003DBA\/2 mouse resorption rates showed a non\u2010Gaussian distribution, but the mean and median differed by &lt;0.5%. Resorption data from 6 and 12 independent pools of mice were normally distributed. Only the mean enabled a between\u2010group <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value calculation. CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003BALB\/c matings gave a median of 0 and mean of 5.1%; the data were not normally distributed, but that was because of a bimodal distribution. One group of mice had 0 abortions, and the second a mean of 13.9% abortions, and the data from the latter group were normally distributed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although it is possible to compare individual mice, and even individual implantation sites, in resorption (abortion) studies, as the relevant question is the significance of differences between treatment groups of mice, and reproducibility, the established classical method of reporting R\/T should continue to be provided. In CBA\u2003\u00d7\u2003BALB\/c matings, where abortion rates are low, using the median is misleading and may obscure the existence of two distinct populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00612.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]],"date-time":"2008-07-24T10:50:58Z","timestamp":1216896658000},"page":"192-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: How Should Data on Murine Spontaneous Abortion Rates be Expressed and Analyzed?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Petitbarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Chaouat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.2.545","article-title":"The cutting edge: cytokine\u2010dependent abortion in CBA\u2003X\u2003DBA\/2 mice is mediated by the procoagulant fgl2","volume":"160","author":"Clark DA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62302-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2006.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535428"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636440"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000293031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243438"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Spontaneous polyploidy in laboratory mice. Embryological and cytogenetic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Baranov VS","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ontogenez"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00299.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor GW","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","volume-title":"Biostatistics","author":"Goldstein A","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","volume-title":"Statistics, Schaum\u2019s Outline Series","author":"Spiegel MR","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","volume-title":"Basic Medical Statistics","author":"Bahn AK","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","volume-title":"Statistics Made Simple","author":"Hayslett HT","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Siegel S","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.10.4886","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with the prior expression of macrophage activation markers in the decidua","volume":"158","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1037"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2008.00612.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00612.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T12:37:26Z","timestamp":1697027846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00612.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00612.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00612.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]]}}}