{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:03:57Z","timestamp":1787015037986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,13]],"date-time":"2008-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1223856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pelvic inflammatory disease and metritis are important causes of infertility in humans and domestic animals. Uterine infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in cattle is associated with reduced ovarian follicle growth and decreased estradiol secretion. We hypothesized that this effect could be mediated by the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , bovine ovarian theca and granulosa cells were treated with LPS or TNF\u03b1 and steroid secretion measured.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the effect of LPS or TNF\u03b1 intrauterine infusion was determined by ovarian ultrasonography and measurement of hormones in cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Lipopolysaccharide reduced granulosa cell estradiol secretion, whilst TNF\u03b1 decreased theca and granulosa cell androstenedione and estradiol production, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , fewer animals ovulated following intrauterine infusion with LPS or TNF\u03b1.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Lipopolysaccharide and TNF\u03b1 suppress ovarian cell function, supporting the concept that pelvic inflammatory disease and metritis are detrimental for bovine ovarian health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00645.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]],"date-time":"2008-10-14T18:43:08Z","timestamp":1224009788000},"page":"462-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Effect of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Lipopolysaccharide and Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha on Ovarian Function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Erin J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleisha N.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Herath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary C. 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