{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:14:52Z","timestamp":1790831692499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]],"date-time":"2008-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immunity receptors that are essential for detecting invading pathogens. Objectives of this study were to identify epididymal cell types expressing TLRs and to determine if TLRs are present on spermatozoa.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin\u2010embedded sections from regions of the rat epididymis was used to identify epididymal cell types expressing TLRs. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect TLRs on spermatozoa.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    TLRs 1\u20139 and 11 are abundantly expressed by the epididymal epithelium in most regions of the duct with the exception of clear cells of the cauda which do not express TLRs 5\u20137 or 11. TLRs were detected on epididymal spermatozoa and several TLRs showed regional distributions patterns suggesting modification during epididymal transit.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The abundance of TLR family members in the epididymal epithelium and on spermatozoa provides strong evidence that TLRs play important roles in innate immunity of the male reproductive tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00654.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]],"date-time":"2008-11-06T01:40:39Z","timestamp":1225935639000},"page":"541-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Localization of Toll\u2010Like Receptors on Epididymal Epithelial Cells and Spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Palladino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Savarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary\u2010Katherine","family":"Dughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Plaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602007000200001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5799-5806.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2006.01444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.059410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.053967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780400011112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000086654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.76.060605.122847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Nuclear factor\u2010kappaB: activation and regulation during toll\u2010like receptor signaling","volume":"4","author":"Carmody RJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110011101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/N0C70VCU3EHL57WK"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.6.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110040601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)60337-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.208-231.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2007.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"73","author":"Miller KE","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Chlamydial infections","volume":"48","author":"Blanchard TJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.6.2324-2328.1992","article-title":"Experimental epididymitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis in rats","volume":"60","author":"Jantos C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02259.x","article-title":"Inflammatory conditions of the male excurrent ductal system. Part I","volume":"23","author":"Chan PT","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203765371240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.005389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod64.4.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1056545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2516"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00144-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.042432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.008953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.018606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.7.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4297-4302.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004564"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod44.6.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1999.tb02536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.023085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535777"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0897.2008.00654.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00654.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T23:41:43Z","timestamp":1697413303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00654.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00654.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00654.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]]}}}