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In this study, we have examined the production of CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 by epithelial cells from the upper female reproductive tract as well as its activity as an antiviral molecule.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold> Primary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells were treated with Poly(I:C) and CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 mRNA and protein was measured by Realtime RT\u2010PCR and ELISA assays. Anti\u2010HIV activity was determined using an indicator cell line TZM\u2010bl and quantified by using a luminometer.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Primary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells produce CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 constitutively and the production is enhanced following stimulation with viral double\u2010stranded RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Recombinant CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 was able to inhibit both T\u2010cell\u2010tropic X4\/IIIB and macrophage\u2010tropic R5\/BaL HIV\u20101 when virus was directly incubated with CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 but not when CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 was added to cells either prior to infection or post\u2010infection. This suggests that the mechanism of inhibition is likely to be a direct interaction between HIV\u20101 and CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study demonstrates that CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 is an important endogenous anti\u2010HIV\u20101 microbicide of the female reproductive tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00713.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,10]],"date-time":"2009-06-10T03:49:20Z","timestamp":1244605760000},"page":"60-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CCL20\/MIP3\u03b1 is a Novel Anti\u2010HIV\u20101 Molecule of the Human Female Reproductive Tract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mimi","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd 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