{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:23:26Z","timestamp":1791181406994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Citation<\/jats:bold>\n                    Shust GF, Cho S, Kim M, Madan RP, Guzman EM, Pollack M, Epstein J, Cohen HW, Keller MJ, Herold BC. Female genital tract secretions inhibit herpes simplex virus infection: correlation with soluble mucosal immune mediators and impact of hormonal contraception. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 110\u2013119\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Female genital tract secretions inhibit herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, however, the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010subject variability, contribution of specific mediators, and impact of reproductive hormones have not been defined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u200389) obtained from nine cyclers and seven women on hormonal contraception (HC), who completed between three and eight weekly visits, were examined for anti\u2010herpes simplex virus activity and concentrations of mediators.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The CVL inhibited HSV infection by a mean value of approximately 57% during the follicular or luteal phase, but only by 36% in hormonal contraceptive users. Human neutrophil peptides 1\u20133 (HNP1\u20103) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003= 0.03), IL\u20108 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.003), lactoferrin (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.005), lysozyme (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.003), IgA (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.002), and IgG (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.02) correlated with antiviral activity. Intra\u2010subject and inter\u2010subject variability was observed, suggesting that factors other than hormones contribute to innate defense.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Endogenous antimicrobial activity may provide a biomarker of healthy mucosal immunity and may be reduced in the setting of HC. However, larger prospective studies are needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00768.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T22:27:27Z","timestamp":1260916047000},"page":"110-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Female Genital Tract Secretions Inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Correlation with Soluble Mucosal Immune Mediators and Impact of Hormonal Contraception"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Gail F.","family":"Shust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca 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