{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:45:50Z","timestamp":1778625950661,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Citation<\/jats:bold> Hubert P, Doyen J, Capelle X, Arafa M, Renoux V, Bisig B, Seidel L, Evrard B, Bousarghin L, Gerday C, Boniver J, Foidart J\u2010M, Delvenne P, Jacobs N. Local applications of GM\u2010CSF induce the recruitment of immune cells in cervical low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 126\u2013136<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold> Quantitative alterations of antigen\u2010presenting cells (APC) in (pre)neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection suggest a diminished capacity to capture viral antigens and to induce a protective immune response.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold> To test whether a cervical application of GM\u2010CSF could restore an immune response against HPV in women with cervical low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), we performed two clinical trials with 11 healthy women and 15 patients with LSIL.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> GM\u2010CSF applications were well tolerated in all enrolled women, and no difference in toxicity between the treated and placebo groups was observed during the follow\u2010up (until 30\u2003months). Interestingly, in the GM\u2010CSF treated group, a significant increase of APC and cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the cervical biopsies with no change in regulatory T cell numbers. All the HPV16<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients exhibited an immune response against HPV16 after GM\u2010CSF applications, as shown by NK and\/or T cells producing IFN\u2010\u03b3 whereas no cellular immune response was observed before the treatment. Moreover, the anti\u2010virus\u2010like particles antibody titers also increased after the treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> These encouraging results obtained from a limited number of subjects justify further study on the therapeutic effect of APC in cervical (pre)neoplastic lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00834.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]],"date-time":"2010-03-29T07:06:05Z","timestamp":1269846365000},"page":"126-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Local Applications of GM\u2010CSF Induce the Recruitment of Immune Cells in Cervical Low\u2010Grade Squamous Intraepithelial 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