{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:05:34Z","timestamp":1762898734861},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Citation<\/jats:bold> Rosenberg VA, Buhimschi IA, Dulay AT, Abdel\u2010Razeq SS, Oliver EA, Duzyj CM, Lipkind H, Pettker CM, Buhimschi CS. Modulation of amniotic fluid activin\u2010A and inhibin\u2010A in women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes and infection\u2010induced preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 122\u2013131<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Problem\u2002<\/jats:bold> Activins and inhibins are important modulators of inflammatory processes. We explored activation of amniotic fluid (AF) activin\u2010A and inhibin\u2010A system in women with intra\u2010amniotic infection and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method of study\u2002<\/jats:bold> We analyzed 78 AF samples: \u20182nd trimester\u2010control\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200312), \u20183rd trimester\u2010control\u2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314), preterm labor with intact membranes [positive\u2010AF\u2010cultures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313), negative\u2010AF\u2010cultures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313)], and PPROM [positive\u2010AF\u2010cultures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313), negative\u2010AF\u2010cultures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313)]. Activin\u2010A levels were evaluated <jats:italic>ex\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic> following incubation of amniochorion and placental villous explants with Gram\u2010negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Gram\u2010positive (Pam3Cys) bacterial mimics. Ability of recombinant activin\u2010A and inhibin\u2010A to modulate inflammatory reactions in fetal membranes was explored through explants\u2019 IL\u20108 release.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Activin\u2010A and inhibin\u2010A were present in human AF and were gestational age\u2010regulated. Activin\u2010A was significantly upregulated by infection. Lower inhibin\u2010A levels were seen in PPROM. LPS elicited release of activin\u2010A from amniochorion, but not from villous explants. Recombinant activin\u2010A stimulated IL\u20108 release from amniochorion, an effect that was not reversed by inhibin\u2010A.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Human AF activin\u2010A and inhibin\u2010A are involved in biological processes linked to intra\u2010amniotic infection\/inflammation\u2010induced preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01074.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T04:58:33Z","timestamp":1318481913000},"page":"122-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Modulation of Amniotic Fluid Activin\u2010A and Inhibin\u2010A in Women With Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes and Infection\u2010Induced Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Victor A.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina 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