{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:37:26Z","timestamp":1774543046604,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The objective of this study was to define the oro\u2010facial lesions associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in an adult population in Oyo state, Nigeria and to relate these with the level of immune suppression as measured by the CD4 counts.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and method:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The study population consisted of 679 consecutive subjects who were seen at the state\u2010owned blood bank. Information on demography, medical and medication histories were obtained. Oro\u2010facial examinations were carried out according to Greenspan <jats:italic>et\u00a0al<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol<\/jats:italic> (1992)73:142\u2013144]. HIV sero\u2010prevalence status was determined for all patients. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010lymphocyte count was carried out for those sero\u2010positive for HIV and 31 randomly selected HIV\u2010negative subjects. Data were analyzed using the chi\u2010square test, Fisher's exact test, Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and odds ratio where appropriate.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Eighty\u2010one (11.9%) of the entire study sample were confirmed HIV positive. The prevalence of specific oral lesions by HIV sero\u2010status revealed that pseudomembranous oral candidiasis and angular cheilitis occurred significantly and more frequently in HIV\u2010positive subjects (33.3 and 21% respectively) than those who were HIV negative (4.3 and 1.8% respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). The mean CD4 count of the HIV\u2010positive subjects was 452\u2003cells\u2003mm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>, s.d. 137, while it was 602\u2003cells\u2003mm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>, s.d. 251, for the HIV negatives. The difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.000). Forty\u2010four (66.7%) subjects with CD4 counts &lt;500\u2003cells\u2003mm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> had oro\u2010facial lesions whereas among those with CD4 counts &gt;500\u2003cells\u2003mm<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> only 22 (33.3%) had oro\u2010facial lesions (OR\u2003=\u20034.57).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The type of oro\u2010facial lesions most commonly associated with HIV\/AIDS in Oyo state, Nigeria, has been shown to be pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. This was followed by angular cheilitis. These lesions, although found in HIV\u2010negative subjects, were in a lower proportion as compared with HIV\u2010positive subjects. Mean CD4 counts were lower in HIV\u2010positive subjects and this was associated with greater prevalence of oro\u2010facial candidiasis and angular cheilitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2004.01036.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,5]],"date-time":"2004-11-05T14:11:50Z","timestamp":1099663910000},"page":"319-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Oro\u2010facial lesions and CD4 counts associated with HIV\/AIDS in an adult population in Oyo State, 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