{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:20:07Z","timestamp":1780104007334,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]],"date-time":"2006-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To assess types and prevalence of HIV\u2010related oral lesions among HIV\u2010infected individuals in south India and to correlate common oral findings with co\u2010morbidities, gender, age and medication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Subjects and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> One hundred and one patients with HIV infection or AIDS at infectious diseases units of Attavar Hospital, Mangalore, and medical wards of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, were selected. Sociodemographic information was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Oral lesions were diagnosed according to the presumptive criteria of EEC\u2010Clearinghouse Classification. Clinical history was retrieved from patient's medical records.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Erythematous candidiasis (44.5%), melanotic hyperpigmentaion (34.6%) and xerostomia (29.7%) were among the most common oral manifestations. A significant association was found between oral candidiasis and advanced immunosuppression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) was predominant in individuals &lt;35\u2003years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Melanotic hyperpigmentation was significantly associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). OHL was more frequent in patients with HIV\u2010associated tuberculosis. Linear gingival erythema was more predominant in females.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Oral hairy leukoplakia showed a positive relationship with patients younger than 35\u2003years. Oral candidiasis can act as a marker for immunosuppression. Angular cheilitis was predominant in the symptomatic stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]],"date-time":"2006-07-25T09:13:32Z","timestamp":1153818812000},"page":"537-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Oral manifestations in HIV\/AIDS infected patients from India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Suhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JT","family":"Ramapuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Anup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.310101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009087"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"600","article-title":"Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients in Singapore","volume":"30","author":"Lim AA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.120050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1991.tb00940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-0825.2003.00994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809350"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1998.tb00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strengthening the prevention of HIV\/AIDS\u2010related oral manifestations: a global approach","volume":"32","author":"Peterson PE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00326.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V33N4p37S","article-title":"Oral lesions and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in 1000 south Indian patients","volume":"33","author":"Ranganathan K","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02009.x"}],"container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1601-0825.2006.01232.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T10:30:59Z","timestamp":1697279459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01232.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-523X","1601-0825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-523X","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-0825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]]}}}