{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:51:17Z","timestamp":1770753077265,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Plasminogen activators and their inhibitors are thought to be key participants in the balance of proteolytic and antiproteolytic activities that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. However, little is known about the expression of plasminogen\/plasmin system at the site of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We compared the activities of tissue type plasminogen activator (t\u2010PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) between fibroblasts derived from normal buccal mucosa and OSF by using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged with normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether the activities of t\u2010PA and PAI\u20101 could be affected by arecoline.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Both t\u2010PA and PAI\u20101 were found to be increased in OSF than in BMFs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in PAI\u20101\/t\u2010PA ratio between OSF and BMF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). The addition of arecoline upregulated not only PAI\u20101, but also t\u2010PA in BMFs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). In addition, the ratio between PAI\u20101 and t\u2010PA was found to be significantly increased by a linear regression assay (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> These results suggest that OSF caused by areca quid chewing may be the result of an imbalance in the plasminogen\/plasmin system, the net result of which is increased deposition of ECM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01272.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T23:14:08Z","timestamp":1152314048000},"page":"234-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101\/tissue type plasminogen activator ratio in oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S\u2010F","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y\u2010S","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u2010H","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y\u2010J","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y\u2010C","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1998.tb02096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(00)00262-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.030008458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(01)00045-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(01)00083-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(86)90112-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.11.4007.bloodjournal86114007","article-title":"Biological 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extracellular matrix","volume":"148","author":"Stetler\u2010Stevenson WG","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(02)00123-9"}],"container-title":["Oral 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