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These phenomena are associated with reversible chemical modifications of the genetic material rather than with variability within the DNA sequences inherited by the individual and are therefore called \u2018epigenetic\u2019 modifications. Ablation of the molecular players responsible for epigenetic modifications often gives rise to neurological and behavioral phenotypes in humans and in mouse models, suggesting a relevant function for chromatin remodeling in central nervous system function, particularly in the adaptive response of the brain to stimuli. 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