{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:00:05Z","timestamp":1778133605568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,4]],"date-time":"2005-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This descriptive survey aimed at determining the perceived relationship among miswak, the toothbrush, and toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak usage on oral health beliefs and behaviours of Jordanian adults, 18\u201360\u2003years old, seeking dental care in the city of Irbid, northern Jordan.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003138) voluntarily completed a self\u2010designed questionnaire prior to their dental appointments at public and private clinics.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Overall, the level of oral health knowledge was low; of 71 people who attempted to define dental plaque, only 26% knew the meaning of dental plaque. While 12% have never been to a dentist, and 12% visit the dentist on a regular basis, the majority (63.2%) of the respondents reported that they visit the dentist only when they have pain. The majority (72%) use the toothbrush, 20.5% use the toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak and only 3% use miswak alone. Toothbrush users believe that using the toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak is most effective in reducing mouth debris (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u200332.069, d.f.\u2003=\u200316, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.01); and level of education is significantly associated with the type of oral cleaning device used (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u200325.817, d.f.\u2003=\u200312, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.05). There was no significant difference between toothbrush users and toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak users in terms of how they perceive their oral health status. About 19% of the study participants use dental floss, 60.9% use mouth rinses and 8.3% use inter\u2010dental brushes. Educated people (baccalaureate or associate degrees) tended to use toothbrushes and toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak. The toothbrush\u2010plus\u2010miswak users are most likely to spend 1\u20132\u2003min each day cleaning their teeth (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u200334.9, d.f.\u2003=\u200320, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.02) than those using other devices. Respondents who use the toothbrush are most likely to visit the dentist when they have pain (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u200334.02, d.f.\u2003=\u200312, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.00) than those using other devices.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The oral health awareness level among Jordanian adults is poor and needs to be improved. Evidence\u2010based and community\u2010based dental health education and a philosophical change from disease\u2010oriented and pain management care to primary preventive care are highly recommended for the Jordanian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00136.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,4]],"date-time":"2005-07-04T16:50:28Z","timestamp":1120495828000},"page":"126-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Use of miswak versus toothbrushes: oral health beliefs and behaviours among a sample of Jordanian adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"RS","family":"Tubaishat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ML","family":"Darby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DB","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CE","family":"Box","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.cia.gov\/publications\/factbook\/geos\/jo.html. Accessed 18 February 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Miswak (chewing stick): a cultural and scientific heritage","volume":"11","author":"Al Sadhan RI","year":"1999","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-595X.1997.tb00789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000163500429398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"218","article-title":"The effects of the extract of the miswak (chewing sticks) used in Jordan and the Middle East on oral bacteria","volume":"45","author":"Al lafi T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toothbrushes\u2010the miswak tree","volume":"25","author":"Beth Spina M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Something to get your Teeth Into"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Dental survey: patient attitudes in Jordan","volume":"40","author":"Douglas AN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Al\u2010Bagieh. 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A SEM Pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Almas K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in miswak extract","volume":"32","author":"Darout IA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","first-page":"1019","article-title":"The relationship between chewing sticks (miswak) and periodontal health. Relationship to plaque, gingivitis, pocket depth, and attachment loss","volume":"21","author":"Eid MA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1996.tb00571.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dental Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1601-5037.2005.00136.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00136.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T07:18:10Z","timestamp":1697354290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00136.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00136.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2005.00136.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-5029","1601-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,4]]}}}