{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:28:02Z","timestamp":1790627282586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,13]],"date-time":"2006-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Authors \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Nishijima Y, Yamaguchi M, Kojima T, Aihara N, Nakajima R, Kasai K<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine the levels of the receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement. A second objective was to investigate the effect of compression force on RANKL and OPG production from human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Ten adolescent patients were included. GCF was collected at the distal cervical margins of the experimental and control teeth 0, 1, 24, and 168\u2003h after the retracting force was applied. This<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study was performed to examine the secretion of RANKL and OPG from hPDL cells following a compression force (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0\u2003g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 48\u2003h). Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine RANKL and OPG levels in the GCF and the conditioned medium.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> GCF levels of RANKL were significantly higher, and the levels of OPG significantly lower, in the experimental canines than in the control teeth at 24\u2003h, but there were no such significant differences at 0, 1, or 168\u2003h. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> study indicated that the compression force significantly increased the secretion of RANKL and decreased that of OPG in hPDL cells in a time\u2010 and force magnitude\u2010dependent manner. The compression\u2010stimulated secretion of RANKL increased approximately 16.7\u2010fold and that of OPG decreased 2.9\u2010fold, as compared with the control.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The results obtained suggest that the changes of amount of RANKL and OPG may be involved in bone resorption as a response to compression force.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2006.00340.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,13]],"date-time":"2006-04-13T15:55:37Z","timestamp":1144943737000},"page":"63-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Levels of RANKL and OPG in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement and effect of compression force on releases from periodontal ligament cells <i>in 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