{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:13:30Z","timestamp":1774264410202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Authors \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Kau CH, Zhurov A, Richmond S, Cronin A, Savio C, Mallorie C<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> This paper describes the use of adult facial template in gender\u2010specific facial analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Subjects and Methods \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Eighty adults, mean age 24.5, were selected for the study. Laser\u2010scanned images of the subjects were obtained under a reproducible and controlled environment with two Minolta Vivid 900 (Osaka, Japan) optical laser\u2010scanning devices assembled as a stereo\u2010pair. A set of left and right scanned images was taken for each subject and each scan took an average of 2.5\u2003s. These scanned images were processed and merged to form a composite three\u2010dimensional soft tissue reproduction of the subjects using commercially available reverse modelling software. The differences in facial morphology were measured using shell deviation colour maps. The facial template was used to compare differences between males vs. females groups and two subjects with facial disproportions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The difference between the male and female facial templates was 1.28\u2003\u00b1\u20031.02\u2003mm. The areas of greatest deviation were at the nasal, zygomatic area and lower jaw line. The results of the surface deviation maps between the templates and subjects with facial disproportion showed that the results could be applied for orthodontic diagnosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions \u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The construction of the adult facial templates provides an interesting perspective into measuring changes in groups of patients and also acts as a useful template for the comparison of skeletal disproportion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2006.00359.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T14:39:51Z","timestamp":1137595191000},"page":"10-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Facial templates: a new perspective in three dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"CH","family":"Kau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Zhurov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Savio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mallorie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(79)90185-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90144-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70010-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Methods of three dimensional analysis of patients with asymmetry of the face","volume":"87","author":"Moss JP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Finn Dent Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional modeling for modern diagnosis and planning in maxillofacial surgery","volume":"11","author":"Ayoub AF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70013-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","volume-title":"3D Image Construction of the Craniofacial Complex [Masters]","author":"Nguyen C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/27.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2005.00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(92)90180-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2006.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sodo.2001.25402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4233.924800"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"41","volume-title":"7th European Craniofacial Congress","author":"Kau CH","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering \u2013 5","author":"Zhurov AI","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(91)90111-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","volume-title":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering \u2013 5","author":"Kau CH","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMBIA.2001.991711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801305a"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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