{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:06:13Z","timestamp":1780484773175,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1307059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p> <jats:bold>To cite this article:<\/jats:bold>\n          \u2028Kn\u00f6sel M, Klein S, Bleckmann A, Engelke W:\u2028Tongue position after deglutition in subjects with habitual open\u2010mouth posture under different functional conditions\u2028<jats:italic>Orthod Craniofac Res<\/jats:italic>\u00a02011;<jats:bold>14<\/jats:bold>:181\u2013188<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Authors\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Kn\u00f6sel M, Klein S, Bleckmann A, Engelke W<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> To test the null hypothesis of no significant differences in (1) the duration of the post\u2010deglutory, cranial tongue rest position (CTP) between different functional orofacial conditions and (2) the presence or absence of an oral screen (OS) in subjects with a habitual open\u2010mouth posture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Subjects\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010nine subjects (aged 6\u201316; mean: 9.69\u2003years; 13\/16 girls\/boys) were selected according to the inclusion criterion of a habitual, daytime open\u2010mouth posture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Deglutition was screened at baseline during resting respiration using orofacial polysensography and simultaneous assessment of tongue\u2010to\u2010palate position and nasal airstream, during five functional intervals of 8\u2003min each: F1 without instruction (RR); F2 the <jats:italic>same<\/jats:italic>, but including an oral screen (RROS); F3 with OS and the instruction to maintain a tongue\u2010to\u2010palate contact (IROS); F4 with OS and the instruction to perform tongue repositioning manoeuvres at the time of spontaneous swallowing (TRMOS); and F5 corresponds to F3 omitting OS (IR). Duration and frequency of deglutition were analysed descriptively as well as by <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> and subsequent multiple comparisons, and the CTP was evaluated with chi\u2010square tests and paired comparisons at a significance level of 5%.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of 542 identified swallowing acts, 75% were accompanied by a post\u2010deglutory CTP. Mean duration of CTP increased for functional conditions RR\/1.01s\u2003&gt;\u2003RROS\/2.56s\u2003&gt;\u2003IR\/3.21s\u2003&gt;\u2003IROS\/6.53s\u2003&gt;\u2003TRMOS\/6.58s. The null hypothesis (1) was rejected in comparison of resting respiration (F1, F2) with IROS and TRMOS, whereas the use of an oral screen alone did not significantly prolong the duration of CTP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01515.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T13:31:57Z","timestamp":1307107917000},"page":"181-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tongue position after deglutition in subjects with habitual open\u2010mouth posture under different functional conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Kn\u00f6sel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bleckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Engelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Equilibrium theory revisited: factors influencing position of the teeth","volume":"48","author":"Proffit W","year":"1978","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.13.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90121-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"An oral screen for early intervention in lower\u2010lip\u2010sucking habits","volume":"39","author":"Prasad VN","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Effects of a myofunctional appliance on orofacial muscle activity and structures","volume":"68","author":"Tallgren A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-009-0367-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjp135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-009-9223-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Mechanism and timing of nasopharyngeal closure during swallowing and belching","volume":"268","author":"Dua K","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"Radiological analysis of laryngeal movement during deglutition\u2010changes associated with aging","volume":"87","author":"Furukawa K","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.6.2309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01617716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750000667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/044)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.5.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200500113996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02168015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2103.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-004-0010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009125169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02166099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02171647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02167090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Etiological aspects of anterior open bite and its implications to the oral function","volume":"17","author":"Maciel CT","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pro Fono"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.52010\/ijom.2006.32.1.1","article-title":"Occlusal and orofacial myofunctional evaluation in children with primary dentition, anterior open bite and pacifier sucking habit","volume":"32","author":"Verrastro AP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Orofac Myol"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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