{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:09:07Z","timestamp":1780484947988,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]],"date-time":"2011-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p> <jats:bold>To cite this article:<\/jats:bold>\n          \u2028Iglesias\u2010Linares A, Moreno\u2010Fernandez AM, Ya\u00f1ez\u2010Vico R, Mendoza\u2010Mendoza A, Gonzalez\u2010Moles M, Solano\u2010Reina E:\u2028The use of gene therapy vs. corticotomy surgery in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement\u2028<jats:italic>Orthod Craniofac Res<\/jats:italic> 2011;<jats:bold>14<\/jats:bold>:138\u2013148<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Authors\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Iglesias\u2010Linares A, Moreno\u2010Fernandez AM, Ya\u00f1ez\u2010Vico R, Mendoza\u2010Mendoza A, Gonzalez\u2010Moles M, Solano\u2010Reina E<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Alveolar corticotomy surgery is an adjunctive therapy for reducing orthodontic treatment duration. The activation pathways of bone resorption involved in the tooth movement (TM) process are directly linked to the receptor activator of the nuclear factor\u2010kB ligand (RANKL). Whether similar molecular pathways through RANKL, are shared by the acceleratory TM process (corticotomy\u2010induced or not), sustained acceleration would therefore be expected with transgenic overexpression of this factor. We hypothesize that maintaining transgenic overexpression of RANKL will accelerate TM under force over time rather than at the beginning of therapy only; this contrasts with the corticotomy procedure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and Methods\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> We transfected the pcDNA3.1(+)\u2010mRANKL transgene <jats:italic>in\u2003vitro<\/jats:italic> into NIH3T3 cells, then evaluated by PCR, Western blot and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> resorption assay. Quantification of RANKL immunofluorescence, fluorescence\u2010based tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase+ (TRAP+) osteoclast counts and histological analyses of the bone resorption area were performed and clinically correlated after a 32\u2010day <jats:italic>in\u2003vivo<\/jats:italic> experiment comparing corticotomy and gene therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments resulted in increased level of RANKL protein (46%, <jats:italic>p\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.05) and greater mineral resorption (39%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) compared to the controls. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> results showed increased RANKL immunoexpression for both corticotomy (twofold) and transfection groups (threefold) after 10\u2003days. After 32\u2003days, a similar result was obtained for the transfected group but not for the surgery group. These data correlate with the clinical effect of decelerating TM in the surgery group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Selective gene therapy with RANKL has been experimentally tested as an alternative method to corticotomy surgery, showing higher effectiveness than surgical methods used for acceleratory purposes in orthodontics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01519.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]],"date-time":"2011-07-20T10:24:03Z","timestamp":1311157443000},"page":"138-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The use of gene therapy vs. corticotomy surgery in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Iglesias\u2010Linares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Moreno\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ya\u00f1ez\u2010Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mendoza\u2010Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Moles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Solano\u2010Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199207000-00007","article-title":"Corticotomy","volume":"280","author":"Schwartsman V","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"[Complications of corticotomy]","volume":"70","author":"Andrle J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cesk Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81569-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","first-page":"372","article-title":"The regional accelerated phenomenon","volume":"114","author":"Frost HM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","first-page":"321","volume-title":"The Biology of Tooth Movement","author":"Burstone CJ","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding","volume":"21","author":"Wilcko WM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/020308-60.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/321079a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2002.0647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405200312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01549-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808701207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408301206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508401006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350802317488"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345820610121401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080024"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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