{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:56:01Z","timestamp":1778511361294,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Macari A. T., Bitar M.A., Ghafari J.G. New insights on age\u2010related association between nasopharyngeal airway clearance and facial morphology \u2028<jats:italic>Orthod Craniofac Res<\/jats:italic> 2012;<jats:bold>15<\/jats:bold>:188\u2013197. \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons A\/S<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the relation between adenoid hypertrophy and facial morphology across age in a pediatric population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting and Sample Population\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The American University of Beirut Department of Otolaryngology. Two\u2010hundred consecutive children (age 6.00\u2003\u00b1\u20032.62\u2003years) referred from the Pediatric Otolaryngology unit to the Orthodontic division and requiring a lateral cephalogram for adenoid hypertrophy assessment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Cephalometric measurements included relations among cranial base, maxilla and mandible, and airway clearance measured from adenoid to soft palate (AD). The children were classified into two age groups, Group 1: \u2264\u20036\u2003years (n\u2003=\u2003124) and Group 2: \u2265\u20036.01\u2003years (n\u2003=\u200376), and also stratified in four subgroups (A, B, C, D) based on maxillo\u2010mandibular divergence (palatal to mandibular plane angle, PP\u2010MP): A\u2010 PP\u2010MP\u2003\u2264\u200327.5\u00b0, n\u2003=\u200334; B\u2010 27.5\u00b0\u2003&lt;\u2003PP\u2010MP\u2003\u2264\u200332\u00b0, n\u2003=\u200368; C\u2010 32\u00b0&lt;PP\/MP&lt;36.5\u00b0, n\u2003=\u200367; D\u2010 PP\u2010MP\u2003\u2265\u200336.5\u00b0, n\u2003=\u200331. Statistics included t\u2010tests and <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> for group differences.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Differences between groups 1 and 2 were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) for AD (Group 1: 3.19\u2003\u00b1\u20032.32\u2003mm, Group 2: 4.78\u2003\u00b1\u20032.80\u2003mm), ANB (5.38\u2003\u00b1\u20032.24\u00b0, 4.38\u2003\u00b1\u20032.54\u00b0), LFH (56.61\u2003\u00b1\u20031.95%, 55.38\u2003\u00b1\u20031.84%), PP\u2010H (\u22128.41\u2003\u00b1\u20033.28\u00b0, \u22126.49\u2003\u00b1\u20033.46\u00b0), and overbite (0.55\u2003\u00b1\u20032.00\u2003mm, 1.16\u2003\u00b1\u20032.36\u2003mm). Among subgroups, statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) occurred mainly between the most hyperdivergent group (D) and the hypodivergent (A) and normodivergent (B) groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Airway measurements were smallest in children \u2264\u20036\u2003years and those presenting severe hyperdivergent pattern, which denoted the most severe airway obstruction. The findings suggest airway clearance before age 6 in the most severely affected children, but follow\u2010up research on actual adenoidectomies in younger children is needed to determine guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2012.01540.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T06:13:33Z","timestamp":1335420813000},"page":"188-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["New insights on age\u2010related association between nasopharyngeal airway clearance and facial morphology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"A. T.","family":"Macari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Bitar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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