{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:45:25Z","timestamp":1760888725134},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Kang Y. H., Kim B. C., Park K. R., Yon J. Y., Kim H. J., Tak H. J., Piao Z., Kim M. K., Lee S. H. Visual pathway\u2010related horizontal reference plane for three\u2010dimensional craniofacial analysis \u2028<jats:italic>Orthod Craniofac Res<\/jats:italic> 2012;<jats:bold>15<\/jats:bold>:245\u2013254. \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons A\/S<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Authors\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Kang YH, Kim BC, Park KR, Yon JY, Kim HJ, Tak HJ, Piao Z, Kim MK, Lee SH<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> To construct three\u2010dimensional (3D) horizontal reference planes based on visual pathway and to determine their stability and reliability by analyzing the structural patterns of normal and dysmorphology for 3D craniofacial analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting and Sample Population\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010six subjects with maxillofacial dysmorphology and malocclusion, and eight normal controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods Population\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> On the 3D computed tomographic images of the subjects, the visual pathway\u2010based planes, including the orbital axis plane (OAP), visual axis plane (VAP), and the optical axis plane (OpAP), were constructed and evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The OAP, but not the VAP and OpAP, showed the ideal relationship between the midsagittal and posterior maxillary plane, and properly described the different patterns of maxillofacial dysmorphology with craniofacial plane 1 of Delaire\u2019s analysis and the occlusal plane.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The proposed visual pathway\u2010related horizontal reference planes, and in particular the OAP, seem to correctly express the visual axis and the position of the head in natural head position and can be used as a horizontal reference plane for the 3D analysis of craniofacial dysmorphology and anthropology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2012.01551.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T10:05:12Z","timestamp":1344852312000},"page":"245-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Visual pathway\u2010related horizontal reference plane for three\u2010dimensional craniofacial analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Y. 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