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The percentage is greater in smaller age group, whereas a positive association is found between albumin excretion rate and pubertal development stage in nondiabetic subjects. The data so far suggest that impairment of glucose metabolism, obesity\u2010related proatherosclerotic pathways and the impact of haemodynamic load constitute major determinants of albuminuria development in the early years of life. In everyday practice if persistent MA is present at a young age, especially in the setting of diabetes, further investigation of cardiovascular risk factors, a more careful follow\u2010up and dietary\/lifestyle interventions are needed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Although the significance of MA in paediatric essential hypertension has yet to be determined, its role in diabetic children and adolescents is established and albuminuria assessment has been utilized as a screening test for the presence of diabetes\u2010related kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02291.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T15:09:44Z","timestamp":1301324984000},"page":"1180-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Microalbuminuria in the paediatric age: current knowledge and emerging questions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Costas","family":"Tsioufis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Mazaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyriakos","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costas J","family":"Stefanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christodoulos","family":"Stefanadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","volume-title":"\u2018Hippocratic writings\u2019","author":"Hippocrates","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198402093100605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92450-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.4.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000102971.85504.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02954-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Guidelines Committee: 2003 European Society of Hypertension\u2010European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"21","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.59.7.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00866717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.09219.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"B35","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of microalbuminuria in high\u2010risk diabetic and nondiabetic patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study. 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