{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1697536800924},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,7]],"date-time":"2012-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To explore the possible effects of hyaluronan, an endogenous mediator of inflammation, on monocyte surface expression of Toll\u2010like receptors 2 and 4 in human umbilical cord blood <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>, and in a model mimicking Gram\u2010negative neonatal sepsis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Term infant cord blood was obtained after elective caesarean sections, n\u2003=\u200315. Both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide\u2010stimulated (10\u2003ng\/mL) blood was incubated with 500\u2003\u03bcg\/mL high\u2010 or low\u2010molecular\u2010weight hyaluronan for 6\u2003h. Expression of Toll\u2010like receptors 2 and 4 on monocytes was measured using flow cytometry, and plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were analysed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results (mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SEM):\u2002<\/jats:bold> We found a significant decrease in Toll\u2010like receptor 4 expression in the presence of high\u2010molecular\u2010weight hyaluronan (HMW HA) in unstimulated blood (median fluorescence intensity 141\u2003\u00b1\u20037.3 vs. 163\u2003\u00b1\u20039.8, p\u2003=\u20030.019). There were no significant changes in Toll\u2010like receptor 2 expression. Levels of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase 9 increased in the presence of both forms of hyaluronan.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our results confirm that hyaluronan affects the neonatal immune response. The biological significance of these findings requires further clarification. More studies are needed to validate the possible down\u2010modulation of Toll\u2010like receptor 4 exerted by HMW HA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02650.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T14:07:49Z","timestamp":1330438069000},"page":"706-713","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of hyaluronan on monocyte Toll\u2010like receptor expression in term infant cord blood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Helene CD","family":"\u00d8sterholt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e5rd","family":"Lundeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonje","family":"Sonerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola 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