{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:41:35Z","timestamp":1770885695907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,15]],"date-time":"2003-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":470,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Studies in Family Planning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As part of a community\u2010based reproductive morbidity survey in rural Gambia, the prevalence and association of menstrual disorders with sociodemographic characteristics and other reproductive morbidities, and with knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs concerning menstrual problems were assessed. A questionnaire was administered by a field\u2010worker and by a gynecologist, who also examined the women. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a subsample. Of 607 menstruating women not using hormonal contraceptives, 16 percent complained to the gynecologist of irregular cycles, 14 percent of dysmenorrhea, 8 percent of spotting, and 4 percent of heavy or prolonged bleeding. Each complaint was associated with other reproductive morbidities. A minority of women with menstrual problems had sought health care, and menstruation was revealed to be a highly personal and secretive topic in this population. Menstrual disorders constitute an important unaddressed area of reproductive health service needs in developing countries for which relatively simple and inexpensive therapies are often available. Information, education, and support combined with clinical management of menstrual problems should be core elements of reproductive health programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2002.00261.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,15]],"date-time":"2003-12-15T11:43:41Z","timestamp":1071488621000},"page":"261-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Menstrual Disorders in Rural 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