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Black globe temperature (BGT) was different under the two types of shade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) and was lower under the TS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01) and under AS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.01) than average BGT in the sun. Animals when in AS used more intensely the shade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.002) mostly lying down under it (10.00\u201314.00 hours), while time standing was similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.107) between TS and NS. Bulls without shade (NS) spent significantly more time at the water trough and most part of the day standing idle (72.4%, 10.1\u2003h\/14\u2003h). TS bulls spent more time grazing\/standing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001). The Simmental bulls that were in TS and AS spent more time ruminating than bulls that stay without shade (NS). The availability of shade changes grazing, rumination and idling behavior of cattle in response to environmental conditions. Shade provided by trees can be more efficient than artificial shading as cattle spent more time grazing when tree shade was available. Thermolysis capacity can be used to select heat\u2010tolerant animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2011.00872.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T03:26:42Z","timestamp":1303183602000},"page":"591-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Heat tolerance and the effects of shade on the behavior of Simmental bulls on pasture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Cristiane Gon\u00e7alves","family":"TITTO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evaldo Antonio Lencioni","family":"TITTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Martins","family":"TITTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerson Barreto","family":"MOUR\u00c3O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Behaviour of grazing water buffaloes depending on the availability of shade and water for imersion","volume":"8","author":"Ablas DS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ciencia Animal Brasileira"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-408-10688-7.50022-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1223","volume-title":"Livestock Environment IV","author":"Armstrong DV","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(85)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EA9940285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cooling methods for dairy housing in the southeastern United States","volume":"94","author":"Bray DR","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transactions of the ASAE"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Brown\u2010BrandlTM EigenbergRA HahnGL NienaberJA.2001.Correlations of respiration rate core body temperatures and ambient temperatures for shade and non\u2010shaded cattle.Proceedings of Sixth International Livestock Environmental Symposium American Society Agricultural Engineers Louisville Kentucky pp.448\u2013454."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-004-0250-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2004.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.33845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Cattle need shade trees","volume":"109","author":"Daly JJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Queensland Agricultural Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare","author":"Fraser AF","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/EA97039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7792398x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.77suppl_210x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"HahnGL MaderTL.1997.Heat waves in relation to thermoregulation feeding behavior and mortality of feedlot cattle. 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