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Sonography was used to evaluate kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Anatomic structures were evaluated and the following pathological findings were identified: renal cysts, one poly cystic kidney, dilation of the renal pelvis, hydronephrosis, and one perirenal pseudocyst. Where necessary, contrast digital fluoroscopy (excretory urography and retrograde ureteropyelography) was also performed. Laparoscopic sonography mainly is used for evaluation prior to laparoscopic surgery to guide decisions relating to surgery. The quality of the images obtained laparoscopically is superior to that of percutaneous or transabdominal images, because artifacts are reduced and the contact surface of the transducer is placed directly over the study area. Laparoscopic sonography proved highly effective for studying renal and ureteral disorders prior to minimally invasive surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01035.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,19]],"date-time":"2005-05-19T16:10:38Z","timestamp":1116519038000},"page":"465-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LAPAROSCOPIC SONOGRAPHY IN THE URINARY SYSTEM"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Soria\u2010G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Miguel","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Margallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Idoia D\u00edaz\u2010G\u00fcemes","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Portugu\u0155s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Javier","family":"Ezquerra\u2010Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Us\u00f3n\u2010Gargallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(98)50087-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Practical veterinary ultrasound","author":"Finn\u2010Bodner ST","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the evaluation of renal lesions in the dog","volume":"188","author":"Konde LJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Laparoscopic ultrasonography: Limits and potential of present technologies","volume":"2","author":"Lirici MM","year":"1994","journal-title":"End Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862990"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Technical and clinical aspects of intraoperative ultrasound applicable to laparoscopic ultrasound","volume":"2","author":"Jakimowicz JJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"End Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Neumoperitoneo y tecnicas basicas en cirugfa laparoscopica","volume":"28","author":"Uson J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pequenos Animales"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Laparoscopic exploration in dogs","volume":"3","author":"Soria F","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Comp Gastr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(98)50080-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09060414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12030207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Practical veterinary ultrasound","author":"Finn\u2010Bodner ST","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1992.tb01969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Echographie du chien et du chat","author":"Jakovljevic S","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Ecogra\u2010f\u00eda de perros y gatos","author":"Fristsch R","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.175.1.2179992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Intracavitary echography with a 12.5 MHz microprobe: a new study method in the pathology of the urinary tract","volume":"65","author":"Musci R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Endoluminal urologic ultrasound","volume":"137","author":"Goldberg BB","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"1391","volume-title":"Tratado en Urologi'a","author":"Beamud A","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"2058","volume-title":"editor. 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