{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:53:08Z","timestamp":1793274788751,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]],"date-time":"2004-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of the palmar structures of the equine podotrochlear apparatus by means of retrospective evaluation of MR imaging studies of 16 cadaver limbs. The articular aspect of the distal sesamoid bone was not evaluated in this study. Equine digits were imaged with a human knee radiofrequency coil in a 1.5\u2003T magnetic field, using spin echo (SE) T1\u2010weighted, turbo spin echo proton density (TSE PD)\u2010weighted with and without fat saturation (FS), and FS TSE T2\u2010weighted sequences. The limbs were dissected after imaging to validate the absence of gross abnormalities of the flexor aspect of the distal sesamoid bone, of the deep digital flexor tendon, and the distal impar sesamoidean ligament. Seven deep digital flexor tendons were subjected to histologic examination to exclude any microscopic tendon pathology. The anatomic structures of the podotrochlear apparatus were easily identified on MR images. Compact bone of the flexor cortex of the distal sesamoid bone had low intensity signal on all sequences. In 11 digits an increased signal was seen within the thickness of the sagittal eminence of the flexor cortex in SE T1\u2010weighted images and in TSE PD\u2010weighted images without FS. Trabecular bone had a granular appearance and high signal in SE T1\u2010weighted sequences and TSE images without FS. The deep digital flexor tendon had low signal on FS T2\u2010weighted images, while on short echo time sequences (T1\u2010 and PD\u2010weighted sequences), the tendon signal varied depending on the relative orientation between its fibers and the static magnetic field. Seven tendons had stippled appearance due to small intratendonous foci of slightly increased signal on transverse T1\u2010weighted images. MR imaging provides a thorough evaluation of the anatomical structure of the podotrochlear apparatus: A good knowledge of the MR imaging appearance and anatomy and an awareness of potential pitfalls will improve diagnostic specificity for the detection of pathologic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04033.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]],"date-time":"2004-05-25T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1085509482000},"page":"198-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of the palmar aspect of the equine podotrochlear apparatus: normal appearance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Busoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Snaps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Trenteseaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Dondelinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00371-2","article-title":"Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of the Musculoskeletal system","volume":"32","author":"Peterfy CG","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"The use of MRI in the diagnosis of equine limb disorders","volume":"20","author":"Mehl ML","year":"1998","journal-title":"Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1993.tb02029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"The diagnosis of lameness associated with distal limb pathology in a horse","volume":"155","author":"Whitton RC","year":"1998","journal-title":"comparison of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30080-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot","volume":"35","author":"Dyson S","year":"2003","journal-title":"15 horses"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"The \u201cmagic angle\u201d effect","volume":"188","author":"Erickson SJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"background physics and clinical relevance"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Effect of tendon orientation on MR imaging signal intensity","volume":"181","author":"Erickson SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"a manifestation of the \u201cmagic angle\u201d phenomenon"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Comprendre l'IRM","author":"Kastler B","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.09.1604","article-title":"Radiographic\/morphologic investigation of a radiolucent crescent within the flexor central eminence of the navicular bone in Thoroughbreds","volume":"53","author":"Berry CR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","unstructured":"SchrammeM DysonS MurrayR BranchM.Soft tissue pathology in horses with navicular syndrome\u2014MRI results. 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