{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:07:09Z","timestamp":1792040829628,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]],"date-time":"2006-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common cause of peripheral facial nerve paralysis in dogs, in the absence of otitis media, is thought to be idiopathic. Gadolinium\u2010enhanced (Gd) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used to study peripheral facial weakness in humans with a wide variety of disorders, including Bell's palsy, the clinical equivalent of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis in dogs. Gd\u2010MR imaging may be useful to demonstrate abnormal enhancement of the intratemporal facial nerve. The aim of this study was to define the role of the Gd\u2010MR imaging in dogs with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, with regard to pattern of enhancement, and to search for prognostic information. Six dogs with peripheral facial nerve paralysis, followed between 2003 and 2005, were studied. Physical and neurologic examinations, as well as clinical tests, were performed, including routine hematology, serum biochemistry, thyroid screening, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MR imaging. The time interval between the onset of the clinical signs, the progress of the disease, and the final recovery was noted in each dog. The following four intratemporal segments of the facial nerve were analyzed: internal acoustic meatus, labyrinthine segment\/geniculate ganglion, tympanic segment, and mastoid segment. Along its length, contrast enhancement was found in four dogs. In this group, contrast enhancement of the facial nerve was found in all segments of two dogs, in three segments of one dog, and in one segment of the other dog. In the four dogs with enhancement, one recovered completely in 8 weeks and three have not recovered completely. The two dogs without evidence of enhancement recovered completely in an average time of 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00148.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]],"date-time":"2006-06-22T10:02:42Z","timestamp":1150970562000},"page":"328-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE INTRATEMPORAL FACIAL NERVE IN IDIOPATHIC FACIAL PARALYSIS IN THE DOG"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"ARTUR S.P.","family":"VAREJ\u00c3O","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALBERTO","family":"MU\u00d1OZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VALENTINA","family":"LORENZO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"1604","article-title":"Facial neuropathy in dogs and cats","volume":"191","author":"Kern TJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"95 cases (1975\u20131985)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Auriculopalpebral nerve paralysis following prolonged anesthesia in a dog","volume":"174","author":"Renegar WR.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Passive drainage versus primary closure after total ear canal ablation\u2010lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs","volume":"26","author":"Devitt CM","year":"1997","journal-title":"59 dogs (1985\u20131995)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in a boxer dog","volume":"43","author":"McKeown HM.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2004.00576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in six dogs","volume":"172","author":"Braund KG","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00068.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Veterinary neuroanatomy and clinical neurology","author":"De Lahunta","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"978","volume-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","author":"Evans HE.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of veterinary neurology","author":"Oliver JE","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Handbook of small animal practice","author":"Mu\u00f1ana KR.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Manual of canine and feline neurology","author":"Jeffery N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105.13.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31116-6","article-title":"Facial nerve imaging","volume":"24","author":"Leslie PA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Anatomy of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in the internal auditory canal","volume":"17","author":"Rubinstein D","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"926","article-title":"Facial nerve palsy","volume":"56","author":"Kinoshita T","year":"2001","journal-title":"evaluation by contrast-enhanced MR imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp041120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00187662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(02)00485-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Enhancement along the normal facial nerve in the facial canal","volume":"183","author":"Gebarski SS","year":"1992","journal-title":"MR imaging and anatomic correlation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(88)90035-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.102914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Bell's palsy and herpesviruses. 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