{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:49:09Z","timestamp":1779882549521,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The complexity of the equine skull makes the temporomandibular joint a difficult area to evaluate radiographically. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal angle for a complementary radiographic projection of the equine temporomandibular joint based on a computed tomography (CT) cadaver study. CT was performed on six equine cadaver heads of horses that were euthanized for other reasons than temporomandibular joint disease. After the CT examination, 3D reconstruction of the equine skull was performed to subjectively determine the angle for a complementary radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint. The angle was measured on the left and right temporomandibular joint of each head. Based on the measurements obtained from the CT images, a radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint in a rostral45\u00b0ventral\u2010caudodorsal oblique (R45\u00b0V\u2010CdDO) direction was developed by placing the X\u2010ray unit 30\u00b0 laterally, maintaining at the same time the R45\u00b0V\u2010CdDO angle (R45\u00b0V30\u00b0L\u2010CdDLO). This radiographic projection was applied to all cadaver heads and on six live horses. In three of the live horses abnormal findings associated with the temporomandibular joint were detected. We conclude that this new radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint provides superior visualization of the temporomandibular joint space and the articular surface of the mandibular condyle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01554.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T20:50:51Z","timestamp":1245790251000},"page":"385-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A COMPLEMENTARY RADIOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF THE EQUINE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"ALESSIA J.","family":"EBLING","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALEXIA L.","family":"MCKNIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GABRIELA","family":"SEILER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PATRICK R.","family":"KIRCHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"Infectious temporomandibular joint disease in the horse","volume":"141","author":"Warmerdam E","year":"1997","journal-title":"computed tomographic diagnosis and treatment of two cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.14.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2005.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640502200204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.01.101","article-title":"Mandibular condylectomy in a horse","volume":"195","author":"Patterson L","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.185.01.78","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint luxation in a horse","volume":"185","author":"Hurting M","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.09.1663","article-title":"What is your diagnosis?","volume":"198","author":"Hardy J","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Ass"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.28438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of head disease in the horse","volume":"28","author":"Titje S","year":"1996","journal-title":"15 cases"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1985.tb00831.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776767458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"BakerGJ.Equine temporomandibular joints: morphology function and clinical disease.AAEP Proceedings Orlando Florida 2002;48."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"The temporomandibular joint","volume":"38","author":"Ramzan PH.","year":"2006","journal-title":"component of clinical complexity"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089875640602300204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Radiographic examination of the equine head","volume":"9","author":"Park RD.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Interpreting radiographs 6","volume":"17","author":"Wyn\u2010Jones G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"radiology of the equine head (Part 2)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470690390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Physics of diagnostic radiology, radiation protection, and darkroom theory. 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