{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:52:28Z","timestamp":1770220348122,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasonography has gained increased utility to diagnose pelvic fractures in horses; however, internal pelvic contours can be difficult to appreciate from external palpable landmarks. We developed three\u2010dimensional (3D) simulations of the pelvic ultrasonographic examination to assist with translation of pelvic contours into two\u2010dimensional (2D) images. Contiguous 1\u2003mm transverse computed tomography (CT) images were acquired through an equine femur and hemipelvis using a single slice helical scanner. 3D surface models were created using a DICOM reader and imported into a 3D modeling and animation program. The bone models were combined with a purchased 3D horse model and the skin made translucent to visualize pelvic surface contours. 3D models of ultrasound transducers were made from reference photos, and a thin sector shape was created to depict the ultrasound beam. Ultrasonographic examinations were simulated by moving transducers on the skin surface and rectally to produce images of pelvic structures. Camera angles were manipulated to best illustrate the transducer\u2013beam\u2013bone interface. Fractures were created in multiple configurations. Animations were exported as QuickTime movie files for use in presentations coupled with corresponding ultrasound videoclips. 3D models provide a link between ultrasonographic technique and image generation by depicting the interaction of the transducer, ultrasound beam, and structure of interest. The horse model was important to facilitate understanding of the location of pelvic structures relative to the skin surface. While CT acquisition time was brief, manipulation within the 3D software program was time intensive. Results were worthwhile from an instructional standpoint based on user feedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01840.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T17:07:39Z","timestamp":1308848859000},"page":"542-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["THE USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC THREE\u2010DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS TO DEVELOP INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS FOR EQUINE PELVIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"MARY BETH","family":"WHITCOMB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOHN","family":"DOVAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JASON","family":"PETERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1994.tb01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"375","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination of the normal and diseased equine pelvis","volume":"46","author":"Tomlinson J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pelvic fractures in 28 horses","volume":"49","author":"Almanza A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"609","article-title":"How to ultrasound the normal pelvis for aiding diagnosis of pelvic fractures using rectal and transcutaneous ultrasound examination","volume":"52","author":"Goodrich LR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01560.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Fractures of the tuber coxa of the ilium in horses","volume":"234","author":"Dabareiner RM","year":"2009","journal-title":"29 cases (1996\u20132007)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"The visible animal project","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f6ttcher P","year":"1999","journal-title":"a three-dimensional, digital database for high quality three-dimensional reconstructions"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.37.3.299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"294","article-title":"A head in virtual reality","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen N","year":"2009","journal-title":"development of a dynamic head and neck model"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Interpreting three\u2010dimensional structures from two\u2010dimensional images","volume":"11","author":"Crossingham JL","year":"2009","journal-title":"a web-based interactive 3D teaching model of surgical liver anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2010.74.10.tb04968.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2010.490280"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Radiology &amp; Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1740-8261.2011.01840.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01840.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T03:19:19Z","timestamp":1698722359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01840.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01840.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01840.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8183","1740-8261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8183","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]]}}}