{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T08:36:37Z","timestamp":1782462997805,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a porencephaly are presented. Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 weeks to 7 years.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>findings were confined to the forebrain. Porencephalic lesions appeared as wedge\u2010shaped parenchymal defects connecting the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space or as large cystic defects in the cerebral hemispheres. Although in two adult dogs the porencephalic lesions were asymptomatic, the other animals showed clinical symptoms depending on the affected cerebral area. Three animals had seizures. Interestingly, four animals showed neurological signs normally not localized to the forebrain (nystagmus, hypermetria, ataxia). Whether these clinical signs are related to impaired function of the cerebral cortex or to not recognizable lesions in the cerebello\u2010vestibular system could not be further clarified. Although the defects develop intrauterine or postnatal, the clinical symptoms can occur later in life. The definition of porencephaly as well as its subclassification is not uniform in veterinary medicine. We suggest the term encephaloclastic porencephaly unregarding the underlying cause of the defect, which cannot be further specified by diagnostic imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01887.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,24]],"date-time":"2012-03-24T12:39:47Z","timestamp":1332592787000},"page":"142-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["PORENCEPHALY IN DOGS AND CATS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS AND CLINICAL SIGNS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic, Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Frankfurter Stra\u00dfe 108 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Klumpp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic, Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Frankfurter Stra\u00dfe 108 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Amort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic, Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Frankfurter Stra\u00dfe 108 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Jawinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierklinik Asterlagen Duisburg 47228 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic, Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Frankfurter Stra\u00dfe 108 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Bluetongue associated with abnormalities in newborn lambs","volume":"145","author":"Griner LA","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Ass"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(79)90062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(80)90031-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Veterinary neuropathology","author":"Summers B","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"833","volume-title":"Pathologic basis of veterinary disease","author":"Mc Gavin MD","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Gehirndefekt und Hydrocephalus","volume":"61","author":"Heschl R","year":"1859","journal-title":"Vierteljahresschr Prakt Heilkd (Prag)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial malformations in dogs and cats","volume":"52","author":"Mac Killop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Radiol & Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn,","author":"Volpe JJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00540238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050080067013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199509000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"VandeveldeM HigginsR OvermannA.Proceedings of the Neuropathology Intensive Course for Pathologists Neurologists and MRT Users Bern\/Switzerland September 22\u201326 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199703000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"758","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Furlow LT","year":"1941","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"GillAM.Perinatal and late neonatal mortality in the dog. 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