{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:30:42Z","timestamp":1767861042078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dogs are overrepresented in the group of dogs with cauda equina compression syndrome due to degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. A congenital predisposition for early degeneration of the lumbosacral intervertebral disc has been suspected. Our aims were to assess the morphologic appearance of the lumbosacral intervertebral disc and the lumbosacral junction in healthy<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dogs compared to other breeds and to evaluate for an early onset of degenerative changes. The lumbosacral spine of 110 clinically sound<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dogs and 47 healthy dogs of other large breeds was examined using magnetic resonance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content>) imaging. The degeneration of every intervertebral disc was graded using an established classification system. Signal intensity of the entire lumbosacral disc and the nucleus pulposus was determined independently. Lumbosacral malalignment was assessed according to a previously described method. The findings for the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dogs were compared to those of the other breeds. Although most dogs were younger than 18 months at the date of examination, significantly higher grades of degeneration were detected for the lumbosacral intervertebral disc of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.003). Degeneration of the lumbosacral intervertebral disc was independent from findings in the other lumbar discs. We conclude that the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>erman shepherd dog has a predisposition for degenerative changes in the lumbosacral intervertebral disc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01903.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T13:19:34Z","timestamp":1330435174000},"page":"289-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["MR\u2010IMAGING OF LUMBOSACRAL INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION IN CLINICALLY SOUND<scp>G<\/scp>ERMAN SHEPHERD DOGS COMPARED TO OTHER BREEDS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kerstin H.","family":"Amort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Ondreka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Rudorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Consultancy Rheinbach Rheinbach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin F.","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ottmar","family":"Distl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Tellhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Wigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Science Small Animal Clinic Justus\u2010Liebig\u2010University Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Cauda equina compression from lumbosacral malarticulation and malformation in the dog","volume":"173","author":"Oliver JE","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1982.tb03772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Das cauda equina Syndrom beim Hund","volume":"129","author":"Jaggy A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2003.50001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1993.tb03897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1993.tb02005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"A comparison of computed tomography and epidurography for the diagnosis of suspected compressive lesions at the lumbosacral junction in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Chambers JN","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Vet Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"CT of the canine lumbosacral spine in extension\u2010flexion rotation; part I: bony window","volume":"89","author":"Henninger W","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/AJVR.2002.63.86"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Kinetische Studie \u00fcber die Lendenwirbels\u00e4ule und den lumbosakralen \u00dcbergang beim Deutschen Sch\u00e4ferhund Teil 1","volume":"134","author":"B\u00fcrger R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilk"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Kinetische Studie \u00fcber die Lendenwirbels\u00e4ule und den lumbosakralen \u00dcbergang beim Deutschen Sch\u00e4ferhund. 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