{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:41:18Z","timestamp":1784130078961,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Radiology Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A prospective study was performed in 34 fasted healthy cats to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the cardia and pylorus. Measurements were obtained for the caudal esophageal wall thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>w), cardia wall thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>w), pyloric wall thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>w), thickness of the pyloric muscularis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>p), length of the thicker part of the proximal duodenal submucosa (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>l). Among the 34 cats, 24 were examined using a linear transducer, and 10 with a microconvex transducer.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>w and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>w could be measured in 70% of the cats when a linear transducer was used, in 100% of the cats when a microconvex probe was used,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>w and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>p could be measured in 100% of the cats whatever probe was used. The submucosa of the most proximal part of the duodenum was thicker in half of the cats in longitudinal section. The muscularis layer of the pylorus was triangular in longitudinal section and thicker than the muscularis of the proximal duodenum. The mean for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>w,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>w,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>w,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>p, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>I was 4.9 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>= 1.1), 5 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>= 0.6), 4.4 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>= 0.6), 2.5 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>= 0.5), and 4.7 mm (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>= 2.38), respectively. Three cats with abnormalities of the cardia and pylorus are also described to illustrate clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01918.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T11:18:29Z","timestamp":1327576709000},"page":"342-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FELINE CARDIA AND PYLORUS IN 34 HEALTHY CATS AND THREE ABNORMAL CATS"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Couturier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AZURVET Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology Hippodrome \u2013 2 Boulevard Kennedy 06800 Cagnes\u2010sur\u2010Mer FRANCE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Rault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZURVET Referral Center in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Neurology Hippodrome \u2013 2 Boulevard Kennedy 06800 Cagnes\u2010sur\u2010Mer FRANCE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Gatel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetAgroSup (Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Lyon) 1 Av Bourgelat 69280 Marcy L'Etoile FRANCE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetAgroSup (Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Lyon) 1 Av Bourgelat 69280 Marcy L'Etoile FRANCE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1999.tb01837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-3-224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Anatomie compar\u00e9e des mammif\u00e8res domestiques","author":"Barone R","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.46-1-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.5.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"Feline cecum and ileocolic junction: normal ultrasonographic features. 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