{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:25:18Z","timestamp":1761895518102},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc (Zn) deficiency in infancy and early childhood is of public health concern in developing countries. This study aimed to longitudinally assess Zn intake of urban South Indian term infants in the first 6 months of life using measures of breast milk (BM) volume and BM Zn concentrations and, additionally, to study the effect of BM Zn intake on infant length and weight gain. BM intake by the deuterium dilution technique, BM Zn concentration at months 1, 3 and 6, as well as serum Zn level at months 3 and 6 were assessed in 50 mother\u2013infant pairs. BM intake significantly declined from 627\u2003mL\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at month 1 to 608\u2003mL\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at month 6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). BM Zn concentration and intake significantly declined from month 1 to month 6 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001 for both). Mean infant serum Zn level at months 3 and 6 were 93.0\u2003\u00b1\u200327.1 and 99.6\u2003\u00b1\u200330.1\u2003<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\u2003dL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Infant BM Zn intake at months 1 and 3 was not associated with the weight and length gain between 1\u20133 and 3\u20136 months, respectively. Zn intake from BM, maternal BM Zn content and serum Zn levels were not significantly different between small\u2010for\u2010gestational age and appropriate\u2010for\u2010gestational age infants. Therefore, among urban south Indian term infants less than 6 months of age, BM Zn intakes were low, owing to low volumes of BM intake, despite BM Zn concentrations being in the normal range. Promotion of breastfeeding and thereby increasing the volumes of milk produced is a first important step towards improving Zn intake among infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2012.00421.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T17:24:22Z","timestamp":1340817862000},"page":"398-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Breast milk zinc transfer and early post\u2010natal growth among urban South Indian term infants using measures of breast milk volume and breast milk zinc concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tinu Mary","family":"Samuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tinku","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashanth","family":"Thankachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swarnarekha","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvi M.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anura V.","family":"Kurpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Development of food frequency questionnaires and a nutrient database for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) pilot study in South India: methodological issues","volume":"17","author":"Bharathi A.V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265090301S108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Nutrient Adequacy of Exclusive Breastfeeding for the Term Infant During the First Six Months of Life","author":"Butte N.F.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.3.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"S399","article-title":"Report of WHO\/UNICEF\/IAEA\/IZiNCG interagency meeting on zinc status indicators","volume":"28","author":"Executive summary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc","author":"Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.7.1828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3879-2_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.160","article-title":"Zinc deficiency in young children","volume":"65","author":"Hambidge K.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"IAEA(2010)Introduction to Body Composition Assessment Using the Deuterium Dilution Technique with Analysis of Saliva Samples by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry IAEA. 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