{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:29:14Z","timestamp":1779913754237,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Worldviews Ev Based Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:bold> The incidence of meningococcal meningitis in college students is higher than in other populations. College students, especially 1st\u2010year students living in dormitories or residence halls, are among those at highest risk of developing the disease. It is estimated that immunization can prevent up to 83% of cases among adolescents and college students. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify and critique the research\u2010based prevention programs that are focused on college students.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold> An extensive search of the Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL was undertaken. The <jats:italic>Journal of American College Health<\/jats:italic> was hand searched, and bibliographies were reviewed for studies not otherwise identified. Four publications met the search criteria. These studies were reviewed and graded for level of evidence.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Findings:<\/jats:bold> One study could not be compared with the other three because of its lack of detail. Of the other three studies, two were descriptive and factors were identified that related to vaccination and nonvaccination in the college student population (both Evidence Grade C). Only one study was described that included an educational intervention, which resulted in increased vaccination rates in a college student population (Evidence Grade B).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions and Implications:<\/jats:bold> The published literature is severely limited in the area of meningococcal meningitis prevention programs in the at\u2010risk college student population. A critical need exists for controlled studies to test the interventions that are most effective in this population as well as broader\u2010based studies to further identify those students at increased risk for the disease as well as for nonvaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6787.2006.00069.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]],"date-time":"2006-12-06T10:08:36Z","timestamp":1165399716000},"page":"185-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Meningococcal Meningitis Prevention Programs for College Students: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"American College Health Association Website. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28 2006 fromhttp:\/\/www.acha.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"American College Health Association. (1999).Recommendation on meningococcal meningitis vaccination. Retrieved October 24 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.acha.org\/special\u2010prj\/men.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-9-717","article-title":"Impact of meningococcal C conjugated vaccine in the UK","volume":"51","author":"Balmer P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Abstracts of the 39th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","author":"Bruce M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999).Meningococcal disease among college students: ACIP modifies recommendations for meningitis vaccination. Retrieved October 24 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nciod\/dbmd\/diseaseinfo\/meningococcal_college.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2000).Meningococcal disease and college students.MMWR Recommendations and Reports 49 11\u201320. Retrieved October 24 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwrhtml\/rr4907a2.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003).Summary of notifiable diseases morbidity and mortality weekly report recommendations and reports. Retrieved October 24 2004 fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm5053a1.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005).ACIP recommends meningococcal vaccine for adolescents and college freshmen. Retrieved April 21 2005 fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nip\/vaccine\/meningitis\/mcv4\/mcv4_acip.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480309595722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","author":"DeWals P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80250-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199710000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520166"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"How college nurse managed the meningitis C campaign","volume":"96","author":"Halligan E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.20.1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.12.3133-3137.1995","article-title":"Meningococcal carriage, alcohol consumption, and campus bar patronage in a serogroup C meningococcal disease outbreak","volume":"33","author":"Imrey P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.273.5.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.6.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Laboratory\u2010based surveillance for meningococcal disease in selected areas, United States, 1989\u20131991","volume":"42","author":"Jackson L.A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199611000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"National Meningitis Association. (2006). Retrieved May 28 2006 fromhttp:\/\/www.nmaus.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Changing carriage rate of neisseria meningitidis among university students during the first week of term: Cross sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Neal K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Student British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480009596276"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"A73","article-title":"Colleges urged to offer meningitis vaccine to freshmen living in dormitories","volume":"46","author":"Reisberg L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chronicle of Higher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.4.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00462-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90781-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for writing evidence\u2010based practice protocols","author":"Titler M.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"Meningococcal vaccine for college freshmen","volume":"62","author":"Turner J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"Abstracts of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","author":"Woods C.R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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