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In this study, we examined the expression and localization of six sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>s (groups IIA, IID, IIE, IIF, V and X) in human RA. Immunohistochemistry of RA sections revealed that sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010IIA was generally located in synovial lining and sublining cells and cartilage chondrocytes, sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010IID in lymph follicles and capillary endothelium, sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010IIE in vascular smooth muscle cells, and sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010V in interstitial fibroblasts. Expression levels of these group\u2003II subfamily sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>s appeared to be higher in severe RA than in inactive RA. sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010X was detected in synovial lining cells and interstitial fibers in both active and inactive RA sections. Expression of sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010IIF was partially positive, yet its correlation with disease states was unclear. Expression of sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> transcripts was also evident in cultured normal human synoviocytes, in which sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010IIA and \u2010V were induced by interleukin\u20101 and sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010X was expressed constitutively. Adenovirus\u2010mediated expression of sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>s in cultured synoviocytes resulted in increased prostaglandin\u2003E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production at low ng\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> concentrations. Thus, multiple sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>s are expressed in human RA, in which they may play a role in the augmentation of arachidonate metabolism or exhibit other cell type\u2010specific functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2004.04489.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,21]],"date-time":"2005-01-21T11:49:27Z","timestamp":1106308167000},"page":"655-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Various secretory phospholipase\u2003A<sub>2<\/sub> enzymes are expressed in rheumatoid arthritis and augment prostaglandin production in cultured synovial 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