{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:11:01Z","timestamp":1780593061955,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,28]],"date-time":"2006-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Surfactant\u2010like membranes containing the 21\u2010residue peptide KLLLLKLLLLKLLLLKLLLLK (KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), have been clinically tested as a therapeutic agent for respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. The aims of this study were to investigate the interactions between the KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> peptide and lipid bilayers, and the role of both the lipid composition and KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> structure on the surface adsorption activity of KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010containing membranes. We used bilayers of three\u2010component systems [1,2\u2010dipalmitoyl\u2010phosphatidylcholine\/1\u2010palmitoyl\u20102\u2010oleoyl\u2010phosphatidylglycerol\/palmitic acid (DPPC\/POPG\/PA) and DPPC\/1\u2010palmitoyl\u20102\u2010oleoyl\u2010phosphatidylcholine (POPC)\/PA] and binary lipid mixtures of DPPC\/POPG and DPPC\/PA to examine the specific interaction of KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> with POPG and PA. We found that, at low peptide concentrations, KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> adopted a predominantly \u03b1\u2010helical secondary structure in POPG\u2010 or POPC\u2010containing membranes, and a \u03b2\u2010sheet structure in DPPC\/PA vesicles. As the concentration of the peptide increased, KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> interconverted to a \u03b2\u2010sheet structure in DPPC\/POPG\/PA or DPPC\/POPC\/PA vesicles. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> favored \u03b1\u21c6\u03b2 interconversion. This conformational flexibility of KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> did not influence the surface adsorption activity of KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010containing vesicles. KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> showed a concentration\u2010dependent ordering effect on POPG\u2010 and POPC\u2010containing membranes, which could be linked to its surface activity. In addition, we found that the physical state of the membrane had a critical role in the surface adsorption process. Our results indicate that the most rapid surface adsorption takes place with vesicles showing well\u2010defined solid\/fluid phase co\u2010existence at temperatures below their gel to fluid phase transition temperature, such as those of DPPC\/POPG\/PA and DPPC\/POPC\/PA. In contrast, more fluid (DPPC\/POPG) or excessively rigid (DPPC\/PA) KL<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010containing membranes fail in their ability to adsorb rapidly onto and spread at the air\u2013water interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05258.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,29]],"date-time":"2006-04-29T02:12:50Z","timestamp":1146276770000},"page":"2515-2527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Physical properties and surface activity of surfactant\u2010like membranes containing the cationic and hydrophobic peptide KL<sub>4<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"S\u00e1enz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Ca\u00f1adas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds 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