{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:04:38Z","timestamp":1787015078282,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Physalis\u2003philadelphica<\/jats:italic>\n                    Lam, commonly known as a tomatillo, is a staple of the Mesoamerican cuisine. In our laboratory, an ethyl acetate\u2010soluble extract and four withanolides [ixocarpalactone\u2003A (IxoA), ixocarpalactone\u2003B, philadelphicalactone\u2003B, and withaphysacarpin] were isolated. Studies conducted on Hepa\u20101c1c7 hepatoma cells revealed that withanolides were potent inducers of quinone reductase, suggesting possible cancer chemoprotective activity. Here we evaluated the antiproliferative properties of the withanolides in SW480 human colon cancer cells. IxoA, which is present in the edible part of the tomatillo, was selected for further evaluation. SW480 cells treated with IxoA showed cell cycle arrest in the G2\/M phase, up\u2010regulation of hyper\u2010phosphorylated retinoblastoma, and down\u2010regulation of E2F\u20101 and DP\u20101. On the basis of flow cytometry analysis, ethidium bromide\/acridine orange, and 4\u2032,6\u2010diamidino\u20102\u2010phenylindole staining, it was found that IxoA induces apoptosis in SW480 cells. Moreover, increased concentrations of the pro\u2010apoptotic protein, BIM\/BOD, were found by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Morphological examination revealed vacuole formation in cells treated with IxoA, and Oil Red\u2003O staining showed that the vacuole content was nonlipid. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry demonstrated increased concentrations of mucin\u20033 in IxoA\u2010treated SW480 cells. These findings suggest that chemicals present in tomatillos (e.g. IxoA) may have cancer chemopreventive properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05560.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T04:50:28Z","timestamp":1163998228000},"page":"5714-5723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ixocarpalactone\u2003A isolated from the Mexican tomatillo shows potent antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in colon cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Juliana K.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genoveva","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao\u2010Ning","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Pezzuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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