{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T16:27:11Z","timestamp":1746203231459},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Emerg Medicine Australasia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> The aim of the present study was to describe procedural sedation practices undertaken in a spectrum of Australian EDs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Eleven Australian EDs enrolled consecutive adult and paediatric patients between January 2006 and December 2008. Patients were included if a sedative drug was administered for an ED procedure. Data collection was prospective and used a specifically designed data collection document.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> 2623 patients were enrolled. 1581 were male (60.3%, 95% CI 58.4\u201362.2) and the mean patient age was 39.2 (SD 25.2) years. Reductions of fracture\/dislocated shoulders (694 cases, 26.7%), wrist\/forearm fractures (403, 15.5%) and tibia\/fibula fractures (341, 13.1%) were the most common procedures. Procedures were supervised by consultants and registrars in 1424 (54.3%) and 1025 (39.1%) cases, respectively. Of 2413 patients with complete fasting status data, 1252 (51.9%, 95% CI 49.9\u201353.9) patients had consumed food or fluid in the previous 6\u2003h. 1399 (53.3%, 95% CI 51.4\u201355.3) patients received pre\u2010procedural medication. Pre\u2010procedural morphine (894, 34.1%) exceeded fentanyl use (323, 12.3%), both as a sole agent and in combination with another agent. The principal sedatives used alone were propofol (857, 38.5%), midazolam (224, 10%) and ketamine (165, 7.4%). Ketamine and nitrous oxide were most commonly used in children with propofol, midazolam and opiates largely restricted to adults (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The intra\u2010procedural use of adjunct fentanyl exceeded that of morphine (ratio 4:1).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Procedural sedation practice across Australian EDs is varies considerably. Procedural sedation \u2018best practice\u2019 guidelines, based upon the findings of the present study and the available evidence, are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01418.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T02:01:02Z","timestamp":1305684062000},"page":"458-465","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Procedural sedation practices in Australian Emergency Departments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David 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