{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:36:56Z","timestamp":1772789816994,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Female sexual function depends on biological, psychological, and sociocultural contexts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of low levels of functioning in each of the sexual function domains (desire, arousal, and orgasm) and the factors associated with these phenomena, as well as to assess the frequency of sexual activity in this same sample population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted using an anonymous self-response questionnaire completed by 378 Brazilian-born women of 40\u201365 years of age with 11 years or more of formal education. The evaluation instrument was based on the Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of low sexual desire was 60.6%; low arousal, 37%; and low orgasmic function, 31.1%. Multiple regression analysis showed that having a sexual partner (prevalence ratio [PR]\u2003=\u20030.69, confidence interval [CI]\u2003=\u20030.53\u20130.90) and nervousness (PR\u2003=\u20031.33, CI\u2003=\u20031.01\u20131.75) were factors associated with low sexual desire. Aging (PR\u2003=\u20031.04, CI\u2003=\u20031.02\u20131.06), having a sexual partner (PR\u2003=\u20030.57, CI\u2003=\u20030.41\u20130.81), feeling well\/excellent (PR\u2003=\u20030.59, CI\u2003=\u20030.41\u20130.85), and having hot flashes (PR\u2003=\u20031.47, CI\u2003=\u20031.01\u2003=\u20032.15) were factors found to be associated with low sexual arousal. Having a sexual partner (PR\u2003=\u20030.55, CI\u2003=\u20030.42\u20130.71), feeling well\/excellent (PR\u2003=\u20030.68, CI\u2003=\u20030.49\u20130.94), and having hot flashes (PR\u2003=\u20032.08, CI\u2003=\u20031.43\u2003=\u20033.04) were factors found to be associated with low sexual orgasmic function. Having a sexual partner (PR\u2003=\u20030.47, CI\u2003=\u20030.38\u20130.58), feeling well\/excellent (PR\u2003=\u20030.78, CI\u2003=\u20030.69\u20130.89), and having hot flashes (PR\u2003=\u20031.15, CI\u2003=\u20031.05\u20131.26) were factors found to be associated with a frequency of sexual activity of once a week or less.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this sample of middle-aged women, low sexual desire was the most prevalent sexual problem. These results highlight the importance of identifying and treating factors associated with each individual component of low female sexual function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02405.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T20:43:25Z","timestamp":1312317805000},"page":"2851-2858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Prevalence of the Components of Low Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Middle-Aged Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ana L\u00facia Ribeiro","family":"Valadares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aar\u00e3o Mendes","family":"Pinto-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMICAMP\u2014Research Centre for Maternal and Child Disease of Campinas , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9 Duarte","family":"Osis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMICAMP\u2014Research Centre for Maternal and Child Disease of Campinas , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia Helena Sim\u00f5es","family":"da Costa Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-009-0002-4","article-title":"Sexual functioning in older adults","volume":"11","author":"DeLamater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31813c687d","article-title":"Sexuality in Brazilian women aged 40 to 65 years with 11 years or more of formal education: Associated factors","volume":"15","author":"Valadares","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181a4e317","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in middle-aged women: A multicenter Latin American study using the Female Sexual Function Index","volume":"16","author":"Bl\u00fcmel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(02)00144-1","article-title":"Sexual function and the older woman","volume":"19","author":"Kaiser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"12B","key":"2023012309042242900_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.034","article-title":"Sexuality","volume":"118","author":"Dennerstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01425.x","article-title":"Conceptualizing women's sexual function: Linear vs. circular models of sexual response","volume":"6","author":"Giles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278641","article-title":"The female sexual response: A different model","volume":"26","author":"Basson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01693.x","article-title":"Women's motivations for sex: Exploring the diagnostic and statistical manual, fourth edition, text revision. 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(Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Social Indicators. 2010. Analysis of life conditions in the Brazilian population. Available at: http:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/home\/estatistica\/populacao\/condicaodevida\/indicadoresminimos\/sinteseindicsociais2010\/SIS_2010.pdf (accessed April 4, 2011)."},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0070","author":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Database per weighted area. Demographic census. 2000. Results of sample # 3106200. Available at: http:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/lojavirtual\/fichatecnica.php?codigoproduto=8481 (accessed March 6, 2004)."},{"key":"2023012309042242900_bb0075","author":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Database per census sector. Demographic census. 2000. Results of sample # 3106200. 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