{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:26:41Z","timestamp":1777991201574,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunogenetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> is ubiquitous and yet causes invasive, chronic and allergic disease of the lung. Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) is a slowly destructive form of pulmonary aspergillosis, without immunocompromise. We hypothesized that CCPA cytokine gene polymorphisms would differ from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and uninfected controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We have profiled functional cytokine gene polymorphisms for interleukin (IL)\u201010, IL\u201015, transforming growth factors (TGF)\u2010\u03b21, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 in patients with CCPA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024) who were compared with other forms of aspergillosis (mostly ABPA) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) and with ethnically matched controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 65\u2013330). Results are described with reference to the high\u2010producing genotype in each case.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Susceptibility to aspergillosis (all patients compared with normal controls) was associated with higher frequency of the IL\u201015 +13689*A allele (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0028) and A\/A genotype (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a010.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), with a lower frequency of the TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2212308*A\/A genotype (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a011.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Within the aspergillosis patients, CCPA is associated with lower frequency of the IL\u201010 \u22121082*G allele (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.38, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0006) and G\/G genotype (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0= 22.45, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and with a lower frequency of the TGF\u2010\u03b21 +869 *T allele (OR +0.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0029) and T\/T genotype (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a017.82, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) compared with non\u2010CCPA patients and normal controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients infected with <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> appear to be higher producers of IL\u201015, a Th2\u2010promoting cytokine, and lower producers of TNF\u2010\u03b1, a cytokine central in protective responses. CCPA occurs in patients who are genetically lower producers of both IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b21. As these cytokines are regulatory and anti\u2010inflammatory, CCPA may be a consequence of poor inflammatory response control in the lung.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313x.2006.00616.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T20:20:56Z","timestamp":1153254056000},"page":"297-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Cytokine profiling of pulmonary aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Sambatakou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pravica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. V.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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