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The significance of these discoveries has led the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and its member state agencies to recommend HLA gene testing before initiation of drug treatment. To date, the following drugs have been identified as causing significant drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients who have the following HLA alleles: abacavir and HLA\u2010B*57:01, carbamazepine and HLA\u2010B*15:02\/A*31:01 and finally allopurinol and HLA\u2010B*58:01. This review will outline and discuss these three drugs and their associated HLA alleles as well as examine the pathogenesis of the drug hypersensitivity reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313x.2011.01061.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]],"date-time":"2011-12-03T22:32:07Z","timestamp":1322951527000},"page":"99-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["HLA alleles and drug hypersensitivity reactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Profaizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Eckels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.7.6.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809302700317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"European Public Assessment Report (EPAR) for ziagen (Abacavir)(2010)http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/ema\/index.jsp?curl=pages\/medicines\/human\/medicines\/000252\/human_med_001179.jsp&murl=menus\/medicines\/medicines.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d125[Accessed on 5 November 2011]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801199d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions","volume":"5","author":"Gomes E.R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Drug Targets. 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