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In this study, we analysed Th1 cytokines IL\u20102 and IFN\u2010\u03b3, and Th2 cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201010. The cloned cDNA of IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 contained an open reading frame of 468, 501, 408 and 540 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 155, 166, 135 and 179 amino acids, respectively. Nucleotide sequence homology of IL\u20102, IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20104 was more than 98% between the African buffalo and cattle, which resulted in identical polypeptides. Meanwhile, IL\u201010 gene of African buffalo and cattle had 95% homology in nucleotide sequence, corresponding to thirteen amino acid residues substitution. Cysteine residues and potential glycosylation sites were conserved within the family Bovinae. Phylogenetic analyses including cytokines of the African buffalo placed them within a cluster comprised mainly of species belonging to the order Artiodactyla, including cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and artiodactyl wildlife. A deeper understanding of the structure of these cytokines will shed light on their protective role in the disease\u2010resistant African buffalo in comparison with other closely related species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313x.2011.01062.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,25]],"date-time":"2011-11-25T07:22:55Z","timestamp":1322205775000},"page":"170-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular cloning and characterization of Th1 and Th2 cytokines of African buffalo (<i>Syncerus caffer<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Konnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Okagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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