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Parthenogenetic polyploid species often have multiple hybrid origins and the potential to rapidly spread over vast geographical areas. In this study, we examine patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite variation in a widespread triploid parthenogenetic chironomid pest species, <jats:italic>Paratanytarsus grimmii<\/jats:italic>. Based on samples from five countries, including Australia, England, Germany, Japan, and Canada, we found extremely low mitochondrial diversity (&lt;0.14%), with most individuals sharing a common and widespread haplotype. In contrast, microsatellite diversity revealed 41 clonal variants, which were regionally endemic. These findings suggest a single invasive maternal lineage of <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> is likely to have recently spread over a broad geographical range. High levels of genotypic endemism suggest <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> populations have remained relatively isolated after an initial spread, with little ongoing migration. This, in part, can be attributed to rapid genetic differentiation via mutations of common clonal genotypes after <jats:italic>P. grimmii<\/jats:italic> spread, but multiple polyploidization and subsequent founder events are also likely to be contributing factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01564.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,24]],"date-time":"2012-08-24T12:49:11Z","timestamp":1345812551000},"page":"345-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA suggests a single maternal origin for the widespread triploid parthenogenetic pest species, <i>Paratanytarsus grimmii,<\/i> but microsatellite variation shows local endemism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Carew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, Bio21 Institute, The Department of 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